tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47473315878047108502024-02-20T23:29:43.794+03:00CCNA Training CCNP Training cisco certification Dumps cisco press books for ccna ccnp dumpsBilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-56105308006726198962012-11-16T17:26:00.001+03:002012-11-16T17:26:44.714+03:00CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide<p><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj73uzRJyYFobvQsu6xgvjmoxKotZTspuFwv2XhFULh4b0Wd3mfF2lxLZwrHN2XYqVfliQlAAoniSwf_K0hCDFhFZyi3BJ-X0Ddk1Q5q4DZFMFiEjbd_SlwkJ0MJN7LDMDN6v4iUTDt9TNB/?imgmax=800"></p> <p>Written by Cisco networking authority Todd Lammle, this comprehensive guide has been completely updated to reflect the latest CCNA 640–802 exam. This guide will not only help you prepare for the exam, but also give you a solid foundation as a Cisco networking professional.</p> <a name='more'></a> <p> </p> <p><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/ccna-cisco-certified-network-associate.html" target="_blank">DOWNLOAD</a></p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-41063871958635903862012-11-12T00:09:00.001+03:002012-11-16T02:37:31.345+03:00Download CCNP ROUTE Lab Manual<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr-qukRu4xdbJct2Qd8krcvjmibncZhdkfJ9Bba0k_0MUt-YKc7XZ4BvzXqjqYgkEerDjBmIISdwS7X5T6Wmgc-oLKf-ual-xO52Ux0qr6sxWRbsbFCqJd5J5FE_6kKWyqSjd2h3fzsXyI/s1600-h/ccnp_route_lab_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_route_lab_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_route_lab_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYt_ss7vBG1a4urUQrrXpEW0cohkgS7I_FYmJIwLp9Gv_RHoUqbtAEYeLOIUldGJpgW1s7HJSwyWxBQM91LAevkyZr1UtclRc6KeW4rcnUo0ICHEFCnC2fxBf4SaKj2vMyu7QxT5egn9II/?imgmax=800" width="190" height="244"></a></p> <p><b>The only authorized Lab Manual for Cisco Networking Academy's newly-updated course CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing, V.6 (Exam 642-902)</b> <li>A portable, bound copy of all 32 CCNP V 6.x ROUTE Labs: convenient, lightweight and friendly <li>Allows students to review or walk through hands-on labs without a huge textbook or live Web connection <li>Contains additional pages between labs for in-class note-taking <li>Separate answer key available at Cisco Academy Connection and the PearsonHighered.com Instructor Resource site<br> <a name='more'></a> <li> <p>This hands-on routing Lab Manual is the perfect companion for all Cisco Networking Academy students who are taking the new course CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing (V. 6) as part of their CCNP preparation. It offers a portable, bound copy of all 32 CCNP V 6.x ROUTE network routing labs in a convenient, lightweight format that allows students to walk through key procedures and easily take notes without a large textbook or a live Internet connection. Working with these conveniently-formatted labs, students will gain practical experience and skills for using advanced IP addressing and routing in implementing scalable and secure Cisco ISR routers connected to LANs and WANs; and for configuring secure routing solutions to support branch offices and mobile workers.<br><br><br><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-ccnp-route-lab-manual_15.html" target="_blank">DOWNLOAD</a></p>Blogger Labels: <a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Download" rel="Tag">Download</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/CCNP" rel="Tag">CCNP</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/ROUTE" rel="Tag">ROUTE</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Manual" rel="Tag">Manual</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Cisco" rel="Tag">Cisco</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Academy" rel="Tag">Academy</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Exam" rel="Tag">Exam</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Labs" rel="Tag">Labs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/connection" rel="Tag">connection</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Separate" rel="Tag">Separate</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Instructor" rel="Tag">Instructor</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Resource" rel="Tag">Resource</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/companion" rel="Tag">companion</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/preparation" rel="Tag">preparation</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/procedures" rel="Tag">procedures</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/notes" rel="Tag">notes</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Internet" rel="Tag">Internet</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/LANs" rel="Tag">LANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/WANs" rel="Tag">WANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/workers" rel="Tag">workers</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/students" rel="Tag">students</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/solutions" rel="Tag">solutions</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/offices" rel="Tag">offices</a> </li> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-74970092295281225652012-11-11T18:52:00.001+03:002012-11-11T19:12:13.678+03:00How to add Qemu host in GNS 3<p> </p> <p>Microcore Linux 2.10 image can be <a href="http://startccna.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-cisco-ios-124.html">downloaded</a>. </p> <h4><a href="http://networkingtips-tricks.blogspot.com/2010/09/add-qemu-host-in-gns3.html" name="Setup_image_for_Qemu_host_2975_7268102308735251"></a>Setup image for Qemu host</h4> <ul> <li>Setup new image with following properties <br><b> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:66721397-FF69-4ca6-AEC4-17E6B3208830:9424c158-1fff-4858-8c0a-77c14a428ee5" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='outline:none;border-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:410px;border-collapse:collapse;'><tbody><tr><td style='margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:none;border-style:none;width:auto'><a style="outline:none;border-style:none;margin:0px;padding:0px;" target="_blank" href="https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=822df55f381a1378&page=play&resid=822DF55F381A1378!107&type=5&authkey=!ANunehZSnMbnbRo&Bsrc=Photomail&Bpub=SDX.Photos"><img style="outline:none;border-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;border:0px;background:none;background-image:none;vertical-align:bottom;" alt="View album" title="View album" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjejZQvPesUTEfl-SRvOM908kmmltAs66a0FTWG6paJ697w5FyS4TpFghlf8OQME4mU75xxadb8Eop1LWRnhBw__qyfCnGLOIBf86RRyonbZH5mnwghrtD7DHmVOwgKRSG45TX1dqkJtUUz/?imgmax=800" /></a><div style='width:410px;text-align:center;overflow:visible;padding:0px;margin:0px;'> <div style='width:410px;overflow:visible;'><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=822df55f381a1378&page=browse&resid=822DF55F381A1378!107&type=5&authkey=!ANunehZSnMbnbRo&Bsrc=Photomail&Bpub=SDX.Photos" target="_blank"><span style="line-height:1.26em;padding:0px;width:410px;font-size:26pt;font-family:'Segoe UI', helvetica, arial, sans-serif;" defaultText="Enter album name here">Setup Qemu Host</span></a></div> <div style="text-align:center;padding:9px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;font-family:'Segoe UI', helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;"> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center;width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:0px;outline:none;border-style:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;outline:none;border-style:none;margin:0px;padding:6px 12px 6px 0px;"><a href="https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=822df55f381a1378&page=play&resid=822DF55F381A1378!107&type=5&authkey=!ANunehZSnMbnbRo&Bsrc=Photomail&Bpub=SDX.Photos" border="0" target="_blank" style="font-family:'Segoe UI', helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;outline:none;border-style:none;text-decoration: none;padding:0px;margin:0px;">VIEW SLIDE SHOW</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:top;outline:none;border-style:none;margin:0px;padding:6px 0px 6px 0px;"><a href="https://skydrive.live.com/redir.aspx?cid=822df55f381a1378&page=downloadphotos&resid=822DF55F381A1378!107&type=5&Bsrc=Photomail&Bpub=SDX.Photos&authkey=!ANunehZSnMbnbRo" border="0" target="_blank" style="font-family:'Segoe UI', helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;outline:none;border-style:none;text-decoration: none;padding:0px;margin:0px;">DOWNLOAD ALL</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></b></li></ul> <a name='more'></a> <ul> <li><b><br>Start Qemu host and assign ip address and default gateway</b> </li></ul> <p>· Start Qemu Host by right clicking and pressing <b>Start </b>button Qemu window will open <p>· Assign IP address for eth0 interface using command: <p><i>sudo su <br>ifconfig eth0 2.2.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up</i><i></i> <p>· To verify what ip address eth0 interface has use following command <p><i>ifconfig eth0</i> <p>· You can also set hostname to host using hostname command: <p><i>hostname Qemu1</i></p> <p><a name="Try_to_reach_directly_connecte"></a><b>Try to reach directly connected network</b> <p>· Try to ping router (2.2.2.2) stop by pressing CRTL + C. <p><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-YeQRTrhNvZE/UJ_Jj_RAAaI/AAAAAAAAAio/YHBkK4nfRaA/s1600-h/screenshot.3510.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="screenshot.35" border="0" alt="screenshot.35" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgijoG4x8GkrZ1X56DJYkhQC3OK6IcgyckKd6yAgRfj242ul8cgRMFWKBLJ3YECEr7pi34F6UFLlikQ2kJ8jfQCMofqs9wgt9RgvuGP3rXp6vaDWQX-rK9cGNXroFv5waPWw9oXLgsrupe6/?imgmax=800" width="500" height="312"></a> <p><a name="Setup_default_gateway_to_reach"></a><b>Setup default gateway to reach remote networks</b> <p>Try to ping the Loopback interface of R1. It's not answering because of host doesn't know any route to it. To see routing table in linux use <b>route</b> command. To add default route use again<b>route </b>command. After adding default route towards R1 you can reach remote networks. <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNUQNxyyFusSsEhMCQPW9hnTltEhl9Anp3j6vKdSvv8J4a_8zRR4J7IykFDzcEUiXLIw2tBHzxH3OgRWuAypBz8RB45eYWbWadx4rad39L7s8YqTC9danhAhEJc8RvbZrpO7oL_d3rvNC8/s1600-h/screenshot.409.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="screenshot.40" border="0" alt="screenshot.40" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSSaqDx0sff3jTvipLc5z72GC2DaGqbvV18jYbZZTxPa5Zv1aql82uSI0LfC5TIxMZID67IOTSvoW0g9ayFLj0aS9KBUyupSOJdpTWdCeqsL3-ZDDDNqgiDMGhjDbNuuBke-ElVXjpUdjy/?imgmax=800" width="500" height="298"></a> <p><a name="Using_telnet_and_SSH_336836593"></a><b>Using telnet and SSH</b> <p>You can use Qemu host as telnet and SSH client when connection to R1 for example. <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_pVW3PZlrI8hu_lUGBpphjmX3slfQegN2pl3yildD6JNDh_3QnQdUQqPuU7hmMK9yI_26IMncxScxclfz3IGwXKxzCMssc_chOmSSKHqVCmC5VtpP4i_mxFyqMWStaUaYdu3JH7ABfuhw/s1600-h/screenshot.388.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="screenshot.38" border="0" alt="screenshot.38" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL7dVaOpfXr7auFbO-9dtT_cPS4fAw5NWAmd1VM3CraYurUCFHclE74eMY6Hv1ShxmAwcbFNATHulnpS_d-aGOqoeircHoBczg6u5qXZKPCHj5kyGD25nJE_VIkrmPEIYTyafzgH0Sezfl/?imgmax=800" width="500" height="298"></a> <p> <p><a name="Making_IP_address_and_default__069325123"></a><b>Making IP-address and default gateway persistent</b> <p>By default when added using ifconfig and route commands IP-address and default gateway do not remain during reboot. <p>· To make settings persistent do following: <p><i>sudo su <br>vi /</i><i>opt/bootlocal.sh</i><i></i> <p>· Add follwing lines to the file: <p><i>hostname Qemu1 <br>ifconfig eth0 2.2.2.1/24 <br>route add default gw 2.2.2.2</i> <p>· Save file: <p>o Press Esc <p>o Type :wq! <p>· Run following command: <p><i>/usr/bin/filetool.sh backup</i> <p>Now you can reboot the router and settings will remain. <p><a name="Running_multiple_host_simultan_736773573"></a><b>Running multiple host simultaneously</b> <p>Currently you can't run multiple Microcore host simultaneuosly. GNS3 Development team is trying to resolve this issue... <p><a name="Using_console_connection"></a><b>Using console connection</b> <p>As you might have noticed there is Qemu window appears after starting Qemu host. However, you have also option to use normal console connection with PuTTY or some other telnet application. To get this working you have to have correct Qemu image. Currently you can download one from here: Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-57818817641316857262012-11-09T02:48:00.001+03:002014-01-14T13:06:44.848+03:00Download Cisco IOS 12.4<p>I am really sorry for delay but its totally done. Please <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/1mj1cbg38gsd4ic/description.txt" target="_blank">download</a> document file first for information. <p>This is my collection of Cisco IOS for use with Dynamips. <p>The originals .bin files has been unzipped and renamed to .image, and recompressed with RAR to save disk space. Dynamips works better with an unzipped IOS,<br>the router boot faster. You need to decompress the file with WinRar, UnRar, 7Zip, etc, to obtain the .image file and store it in the image folder. </p> <p>This compilation includes several IOS for PIX (IOS and ASDM) and special IOS called Pagent and Callgen. <p>Pagent is a set of data networking test tools, based on the Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) and developed within Cisco. The test tools are included in special IOS<br>Pagent images. <p>Callgen is a set of Voice-Over-IP networking test tools, based on the Cisco IOS and developed within Cisco. The test tools are included in special IOS Callgen images. <p>The primary function of the Pagent and Callgen toolsets is to provide cost effective test tools to the Cisco testing community. The secondary function is to provide testing<br>capabilities that are not available anywhere else and can be used in customer environments. One essential function is to generate valid simulated traffic necessary for testing<br>networks under stress. The tools are not able to test the physical network layer and some parts of the data-link layer; that is, they can not affect frame checksums, preambles, inter<br>frame gap times, inject hardware failures, or transmit invalid packet sizes. <p>The Pagent programs are best used for testing layer 3 protocols and above; that is, emulating routing protocols, multicast, TCP sessions and HTTP sessions. <p>Pagent is an enhanced Cisco IOS image that contains both Advanced IP or IP Base Services and the IP traffic generation tools. Pagent generates realistic traffic and bottlenecks to<br>test QoS features such as IP Classification, IP Marking, and Queuing. <p>CallGen is a Cisco IOS-based bulk call generation tool implemented through extensions to the regular Cisco IOS image, which provides commands and utilities used to simulate<br>originating and terminating calls on routers and access servers. <p>The file "Patch for Dynamips.txt" contains the instructions for patch Dynamips (for use with Dynagen or GNS3) to use this IOS. In every folder, the TXT file includes the description of<br>all IOS: name, features and RAM memory in Mb. <p>Please <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/1mj1cbg38gsd4ic/description.txt" target="_blank">download</a> me first for check all versions and your requirement.</p> <p><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/vpf46dr8pmkg3/c1700" target="_blank">C1700 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/r68qv8a6h53x9/c2600" target="_blank">C2600 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/rz3pny2v7o3av/c2691" target="_blank">C2691 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/cem9guy2q2m7c/c3620" target="_blank">C3620 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/9j66690hcu63i/c3640" target="_blank">C3640 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ti58j4hz4yqdj/c3660" target="_blank">C3660 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/awkvvnq1syqny/c3725" target="_blank">C3725 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/xjrbvcba78yfz/c3745" target="_blank">C3745 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/wrmv7njkyd15t/c7200" target="_blank">C7200 All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/c6ocpswu9ilkc/callgen" target="_blank">CallGen All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/9e430a9we2i33/pagent" target="_blank">Pagent All Released Versions</a><br><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/folder/m5hfhgh7ds9wb/pix" target="_blank">PIX All Released Versions & Serials</a></p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com59tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-56014425569855484262012-08-26T23:09:00.001+03:002012-08-26T23:09:15.706+03:00Dynagen<p>Dynagen is a text-based front-end for Dynamips, which uses the “Hypervisor” mode for communication with <strong><u>Dynamips</u></strong>. This can be the way to go if you do not want to install GNS3 for whatever reason. Dynagen is no longer officially maintained (<a href="http://dynagen.org/" target="_blank">official website here</a>); however Dynagen is still updated and developed for GNS3, this means you can download <a href="http://www.startccna.blogspot.com/2012/04/what-is-gns3.html#more">GNS3 sources</a>, find Dynagen and start it. We are going to provide a package one this page soon. <p>We also intend to update the official tutorial.</p> <a name='more'></a> <p><b>Dynamips / Dynagen Tutorial</b> <p>Documentation Revision 1.11.7 <p>Greg Anuzelli <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247991">Introduction</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247992">Installing</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247993">IOS Images</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247994">Resource Utilization</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247995">Configuring your Telnet Client</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247996">Network Files</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247997">Running Simple Lab #1</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247998">Working with the Management Console</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193247999">Calculating Idle-PC values</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248000">Simple Lab #2</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248001">Frame Relay Lab</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248002">Communicating with Real Networks</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248003">Ethernet Switch Lab</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248004">1700/2600/3600/3700 Routers</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248005">WIC Modules</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248006">PIX Emulation</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248007">Dynamic Configuration Mode</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248008">Client / Server and Multi-server Operation</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248009">Memory Usage Optimizations</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248010">Packet Capture</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248011">Other Commands / Features</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248012">Hardware Currently Emulated</a> <p><a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248013">FAQs</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248014">How do I determine idle pc values from Dynagen?</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248015">When I try to run more than 4 router instances @ 256 MB each (or 6 instances @ 160 MB each) on Windows, or more than 7 instances @ 256 MB each (or 11 instances @ 160 MB each) on 32-bit Linux Dynamips crashes.</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248016">I have a complex lab with several routers, and my serial interfaces are flapping, eigrp neighbor adjacencies are failing, show run and write mem takes forever.</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248017">There is a newer version of Dynamips available than the one bundled with the Dynagen Windows installer. How do I use it with Dynagen? / How do I use Dynagen with Windows 2000 or Windows XP SP1?</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248018">On Linux / Unix / OS X, when I bridge a router or switch interface to my local host I can’t ping it from my host. But this works on Windows? What gives?</a> <p>· <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Toc193248019">I have a question / I’m having a problem / I think I’ve found a bug. How do I submit a quality post on the forum or the bug tracking system thereby increasing the likelihood that someone will be able to help me out?</a> <h3><a name="_Toc193247991"></a><a name="_Toc148267581">Introduction</a></h3> <p>Dynamips is a Cisco router emulator written by Christophe Fillot. It emulates 1700, 2600, 3600, 3700, and 7200 hardware platforms, and runs standard IOS images. In Chris’ own words: <p><i>This kind of emulator would be useful to:</i> <p>· <i>Be used as a training platform, with software used in real world. It would allow people to become more familiar with Cisco devices, Cisco being the world leader in networking technologies ;</i> <p>· <i>Test and experiment features of Cisco IOS ;</i> <p>· <i>Check quickly configurations to be deployed later on real routers.</i> <p><i></i> <p><i>Of course, this emulator cannot replace a real router, it is simply a complementary tool to real labs for administrators of Cisco networks or people wanting to pass their CCNA/CCNP/CCIE exams.</i> <p>Although Dynamips provides a simple virtual switch, it does not emulate Catalyst switches (although it does emulate the NM-16ESW). <p>Dynagen is a text-based front end for Dynamips, which uses the “Hypervisor” mode for communication with Dynamips. Dynagen simplifies building and working with virtual networks: <ul> <li>Uses a simple, easy to understand configuration file for specifying virtual router hardware configurations <li>Simple syntax for interconnecting routers, bridges, frame-relay and ATM, and Ethernet switches. No need to deal with NetIOs <li>Can work in a client / server mode, with Dynagen running on your workstation communicating with Dynamips running on a back-end server. Dynagen can also control multiple Dynamips servers simultaneously for distributing large virtual networks across several machines. Or you can run Dynamips and Dyngen on the same system <li>Provides a management CLI for listing devices, starting, stopping, reloading, suspending, resuming, and connecting to the consoles of virtual routers.</li></ul> <p>Dynagen is written in Python, and is therefore compatible with any platform for which there is a Python interpreter (which is to say, many). The design is modular, with a separate OOP API for interfacing with Dynamips. Other Python applications could be written that use this API for programmatically provisioning virtual networks, or to provide other front-ends. For example, a team is working on GNS-3; a GUI front-end using this library. <p>If somehow you have stumbled upon this tutorial without first finding the Dynamips or Dynagen web sites, here they are along with some other important links: <p>Dynamips (the actual emulator): <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator">http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator</a> <p>Dynamips Blog (where most of the action is): <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/">http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/</a> <p>Dynagen (a front-end to the emulator): <a href="http://dyna-gen.sourceforge.net/">http://dyna-gen.sourceforge.net/</a> <p>GNS-3 (a graphical network simulator that uses Dynagen’s libraries): <a href="http://www.gns3.net/">http://www.gns3.net/</a> <p>Dynamips / Dynagen Bug tracking: <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/">http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/</a> <p>Hacki’s Dynamips / Dynagen / Dynagui Forum: <a href="http://7200emu.hacki.at/index.php">http://7200emu.hacki.at/index.php</a> <p>Special thanks to the creators of the ConfigObj library at <a href="http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/modules.shtml#configobj">http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/modules.shtml#configobj</a>. This library is used by Dynagen for reading its configuration files. <h3><a name="_Toc193247992"></a><a name="_Toc148267582">Installing</a></h3> <p>Dynagen runs on any platform that supports Python, which is to say nearly any platform. I have also put together a Windows installer package that includes Dynamips and provides a compiled version of Dynagen, eliminating the need to install Python. It also provides Explorer “integration” so you can double-click on network files in order to run them. <p>First, install libpcap, or winpcap depending on your platform on the machine on which you intend to run Dynamips. This is used to provide bridging router interfaces to physical network cards. Windows users will need to install Winpcap 4.0 or later, which is current in beta. <p>Then, Windows users should install the Windows installer package. This provides everything you need to run Dynamips / Dynagen on local or remote machines. <p>Linux users should download the Dynamips / Dynagen tarball, and extract it to a suitable location (e.g. /opt/dynagen). Then create symlinks to the Dynagen and Dynamips executables in /usr/local/bin, or somewhere else in your PATH. <p>Note: If you are running Dynamips on a RedHat or Fedora system, take a look at Dynamips <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator_FAQ#I_get_a_segmentation_fault_.28seen_on_Fedora_Core_and_Redhat_systems.29">FAQ item #2</a> if you are experiencing segfaults when you try to run Dynamips. <h3><a name="_Toc193247993"></a><a name="_Toc148267583">IOS Images</a></h3> <p>Dynamips runs real Cisco IOS images. From the Dynamips FAQ: <p><i>Can you provide a Cisco IOS image for a 7200 to me?</i> <p><i></i> <p><i>No, I am not allowed to distribute any IOS image. You will have to find one by yourself, this should not be a problem if you are a Cisco customer.</i> <p><i></i> <p>On Windows, drop the image in C:\Program Files\Dynamips\images. You can actually drop the images anywhere you want, but the sample labs are configured to look here. On Linux/Unix systems, designate a location to store your images and drop them there (I like to use /opt/images, but it’s your system.) <p>Cisco IOS images are compressed. These compressed images will work just fine with Dynamips*, however the boot process is slowed significantly by this decompression process (just like on real routers). It is recommended that you decompress the images beforehand, so the emulator doesn’t have to. You can do this with the “unzip” utility on Linux/Unix/Cygwin as follows: <p>unzip -p c7200-g6ik8s-mz.124-2.T1.bin > c7200-g6ik8s-mz.124-2.T1.image <p>You will receive a warning from unzip, which you can safely ignore. On Windows you can use WinRAR to uncompress images. <p>* Note that currently images for 2600 routers <u>must</u> be uncompressed to work with Dynamips. <h3><a name="_Toc193247994"></a><a name="_Ref163903860"></a><a name="_Toc148267584">Resource Utilization</a></h3> <p>Dynamips uses a fair amount of RAM and CPU in order to accomplish its emulation magic. If you intend to run an IOS image that requires 256 MB of RAM on a real 7200 router, and you devote 256 MB of RAM to your virtual router instance, it will allocate 256 MB of working set memory. Dynamips also allocates (by default) 64 MB of RAM / instance on Unix systems (16 MB on Windows systems) to cache JIT translations. This will be the total working set size; by default the amount of your system’s actual RAM used will typically be significantly less. This is because by default Dynamips uses memory mapped files for the routers’ virtual memory. In the working directory you will see temporary “ram” files equal to the size of the virtual routers’ RAM size. Your OS will naturally cache in RAM the sections of the mmap files that are being used. (See the <u>Memory Usage Optimizations</u> section for configuration options that can signficanly reduce memory utilization). <p>If you have plenty RAM, and you know what you are doing, set “mmap = false” in the device default or router sections of your labs to disable mmap for those instances. <p>Dynamips also uses a lot of CPU, because it is emulating a router’s CPU instruction-by-instruction. it initially has no way of knowing when the virtual router’s CPU is idle so it dutifully executes all the instructions that make up IOS’s idle routines just as it would execute the instructions that perform “real” work. But once you have run through the “Idle-PC” process for a given IOS image, CPU utilization decreases drastically. More on this later. <h3><a name="_Toc193247995"></a><a name="_Toc148267585">Configuring your Telnet Client</a></h3> <p>Dynagen includes a console command that allows you to connect to the virtual router consoles directly from the CLI. But you must first configure the dynagen.ini file (located in C:\Program Files\Dynagen on Windows systems, or wherever you extracted the tarball on Unix systems) to tell it which telnet client to use. Uncomment the line appropriate for your system, or craft your own to use your favorite telnet client. See the comments in the ini file for instructions. <h3><a name="_Toc193247996"></a><a name="_Toc148267586">Network Files</a></h3> <p>Dynagen uses a single “network file” to store the configuration of all the routers, switches, and interconnections that make up a virtual lab. This file uses a simple INI file-like syntax. Open up the simple1.net file in a text editor (on Windows there is a shortcut to the “Dynagen Sample Labs” directory on the desktop). <p># Simple lab <p>Any line prefaced with a # is a comment, and is ignored <p>[localhost] <p>The first section specifies the host that is running Dynamips. In this case, we intend to run Dynamips on the same machine as Dynagen, so we specify <i>localhost</i>. If Dynamips were running on a different machine, you would put the hostname or IP address of that machine here instead (we’ll see an example of that a bit later on.) <p> [[7200]] <p>The next section is indented, and double bracketed. This means that what follows is configuration that applies to the Dynamips server specified in the section above (in this case, <i>localhost</i>). All whitespace is actually ignored, so the indentation is just for looks. The double-bracket is what really means that this section is nested under the [localhost] section. <p>This [[7200]] section defines all the defaults that will be applied to any 7200 router instance we create. This makes things easy, by allowing us to specify common things like RAM size and IOS image only once. Note that you can specify defaults, and later override them in specific router instance definitions. <p> image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.image <p> # On Linux / Unix use forward slashes: <p> # image = /opt/7200-images/c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.image <p>The <i>image</i> keyword specifies the location on the system running Dynamips (in this example our local machine) of the image we want to use by default for all router instances. Here we are pointing to a 12.4 image on a Windows system. For Linux/Unix systems, use forward slashes instead, as shown in the comment. <p> npe = npe-400 <p> ram = 160 <p>Each of our router instances is going use an NPE-400, and be allocated 160 MB of RAM . <p> [[ROUTER R1]] <p>Now, we are defining a virtual router instance with the <i>ROUTER </i>keyword. The string following this keyword is the name we are assigning to this router, in this case “R1”. This name is just the name that is used by Dynamips / Dynagen. It has nothing to do with the hostname that you assign in IOS to the router (although it will probably be less confusing if you just keep them the same.) <p>s1/0 = R2 s1/0 <p>This line states that we are going to take R1’s Serial 1/0 interface, and connect it to R2’s Serial 1/0 interface (via virtual back-to-back serial cable). Dynagen automatically “installs” a PA-8T adapter in Port 1 to accommodate this connection on both R1 and R2 (note there is a way to override this behavior if, for example, you wanted to use a PA-4T+ instead for some reason). <p> [[router R2]] <p>Now we create a 2<sup>nd</sup> router, creatively name R2. This is the same R2 that is referenced in the line above that connects R1 and R2’s serial interfaces. As you can see, the ROUTER keyword is not case significant. (None of the keywords are.) <p> # No need to specify an adapter here, it is taken care of <p> # by the interface specification under Router R1 <p>Although we have to create the R2 router, we do not need to specify any adapters here. R2’s Serial 1/0 interface was already created back when we connected it to R1’s Serial 1/0 above. <h3><a name="_Toc193247997"></a><a name="_Toc148267587">Running Simple Lab #1</a></h3> <p>In order to run this virtual lab, first start up the Dynamips server on your local machine. If you used the Windows installer, you will find a shortcut on the desktop titled “Dynamips Server”. Running this starts up the server (listening on port 7200 by default) in a window like this: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image001.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>On Linux / Mac / Unix, start up the server in the background. For example: <p>dynamips –H 7200 & <p>On Windows, open the simple1.net file in explorer and Dynagen is automatically launched and the network started: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image002.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>On Linux / Unix, either associate “.net” files with dyangen in whatever file manager you use, or run it from the command line: <p>dynagen simple1.net <p>For now, ignore the “no idle-pc value” warning; we’ll get to this a bit later. To see all the devices in this virtual lab, use the list command: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image003.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>This tells us that there are two routers, R1 & R2. They are both currently running on the local host. R1’s console port is tied to TCP port 2000, and R2’s to port 2001. Telnet to these ports to connect to the virtual router instances. Or, if you configured the dynagen.ini file to specify your telnet client, just type “console R1” to connect to R1’s console. <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image004.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>Even better, you can type “console /all” and a console window will appear for each of your virtual routers. If you use Linux, OS X, or Tera Term SSH on Windows “console /all” works well because the title bar include the name of the router. However the Windows telnet command included with the OS does not seem to allow this. (If anyone can come up with a work-around for this please let me know. I’ve tried setting the title using the “start” command, and it is overwritten as soon as telnet is launched.). But Dynamips lets you know which router you are connecting to as its first line of output inside the telnet window, so you can identify it that way. By the way, the “console” command can be abbreviated as “con” – e.g. “con /all”. <p>Assign appropriate IP addresses to the Serial 1/0 interfaces on both routers, and “no shut” them, and you should find that they are indeed connected. <h3><a name="_Toc193247998"></a><a name="_Toc148267588">Working with the Management Console</a></h3> <p>From the Management Console, use the help command to see a list of valid commands: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image005.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>To get help on a particular command, either type help <i>command</i> or <i>command</i> ?. For example: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image006.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>On platforms that provide the Readline library (Linux/Unix) the console will have tab completion. (I have not yet found a suitable Python Readline library for Windows to provide this functionality. If anyone can find one that *they have tested with Dynagen and works* please let me know.) <p>To “power off” a virtual router, use the stop command. Help shows the syntax as: <p>stop {/all | router1 [router2] ...} <p>To shut down a single router, type use stop <i>routername</i>: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image007.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>And sure enough, the router is now stopped: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image008.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>You can also provide a list of routers to stop, or issue as stop /all to shut down all router instances. <p>To restart R1, use start command: <p>start {/all | router1 [router2] ...} <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image009.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>The IOS reload command is not suppored by dynamips in virtual routers. So you can use the Dynagen reload command. It performs a stop, followed by a start. To reload all routers in the entire lab, issue a reload /all: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image010.jpg" width="669" height="338"> <p>The suspend and resume commands have a similar syntax as stop and start, but they temporarily pause the specified routers: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image011.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>The exit command stops and deletes all devices from the network, and exits dynagen. If you exit the Management Console, your simulation will no longer be running. <h3><a name="_Toc193247999"></a><a name="_Ref150866912">Calculating Idle-PC values</a></h3> <p>You may have noticed that the previous lab caused your system’s CPU to peg at 100% and stay there. This is because Dynamips does not know when the virtual router is idle and when it is performing useful work. The “idlepc” command performs analysis on a running image to determine the most likely points in the code that represent an idle loop in IOS. Once applied, Dynamips “sleeps” the virtual router occasionally when this idle loop is executed significantly reducing CPU consumption on the host without reducing the virtual router’s capacity to perform real work. <p>Here is how the process is performed. First, open a lab and make sure only one router instance is running (stop any others in the lab if need be): <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image012.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p><a name="_Toc148267589"></a> <p>Then, telnet to the running router instance. If you are presented with IOS autoconfig prompt, respond with “no”. Otherwise, do not press anything: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image013.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>Wait for all the interfaces to initialize, then wait a bit to ensure that the router is no longer booting and is idle. Your session should look something like this: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image014.gif" width="669" height="338"><b> </b> <p>Now, switch back to the Dynagen management console, and issue an “idlepc get <i>routername”. </i>You will see a message that statistics are being gathered, and about 10 seconds later you should see a list of potential idlepc values: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image015.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>Values that will most likely provide better results are marked with an asterisk. Select one of the values to try from the menu and press Enter. You should notice your host (the one running the dynamips process) CPU utilization drop dramatically. If so, you’ve found a good idlepc value for this particular IOS image. <p>If your CPU usage did not drop, it’s time to try a different value. Type “idlepc show <i>routername</i>” to show the list of values determined earlier again, and this time select a different one. <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image016.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>The new idlepc value will take effect dynamically. Once you’ve found a value that works, you can save it to your local idlepc database with “idlepc save <i>routername</i> db”. This stores the idlepc value for this IOS image in the file specified in dynagen.ini with the “idledb” option. The default is a file name “dynagenidledb.ini” in your $HOME or “Documents and Settings” folder (depending on your platform). <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image017.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>Once an idlepc value is in the database, it will be automatically applied whenever a router in one of your labs uses this image. If Dynagen starts a router without being able to find an idlepc value, it gives the “Warning: Starting xxx with no idle-pc value” message. If you would prefer to store the idlepc value directly in your network file, use “idlepc save <i>routername</i>” to add an “idlepc = xxxx” line to the router definition section (e.g. “[[ROUTER R1]]”) or use “idlepc save <i>rotuername</i> default” to store it in the default section of your network file for that router platform (e.g. “[[7200]]”). <p>Idle-PC values are are particular to an IOS image. They will be different for different IOS versions, and even for different feature sets of the same IOS version. However Idle-PC values are not particular to your host PC, operating system, or to the version of dynamips. So “dynagenidledb.ini” files from one system can be freely copied, merged, shared with others, etc. <p>The idlepc database is indexed by the name of your IOS image as specified in the “image =” line of your network file (minus the directories), so all your images must have unique names for this to work. I strongly recommend using the convention of keeping the same filename as the downloaded bin file, but replacing “bin” with “image” to indicate that the bin file has been unzipped (e.g. “c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.image”.) If everyone uses this same convention, it will make sharing databases transparent. <p>It is possible that dynamips will not be able to find and idlepc value for an image, or that the values it does find do not work. If this happens, try repeating the process again. Or you just might be out of luck with that particular image (however running into this situation is rare.) <h3><a name="_Toc193248000">Simple Lab #2</a></h3> <p>The lab “simple2.net” (located in the sample_labs directory) shows the use of the “LAN” keyword to specify bridged networks. <p>[[ROUTER Zapp]] <p>console = 2001 <p>f0/0 = LAN 1 <p>f1/0 = LAN 2 <p>First, we are manually specifying the console port for Zapp (port 2001). This is usually never required, but is here to show that you can control most all of the defaults that are chosen by Dynagen by overriding them with specific values. FastEthernet0/0 is connected to LAN 1. “1” is an identifier that can be any alphanumeric sequence. All Ethernet interfaces that are connected to the same LAN are bridged together (like connecting them to a virtual hub). Also, just like in the previous lab with the Serial port adapter, Dynagen automatically installs a PA-C7200-IO-FE adapter in port 0, and a PA-FE-TX adapter in port 1 just by referencing f0/0 and f1/0. <p>In this lab all of the f0/0 interfaces are on one Ethernet segment, and all the f1/0 interfaces are on another segment: <p>[[ROUTER Leela]] <p>console = 2002 <p>f0/0 = LAN 1 <p>f1/0 = LAN 2 <p>[[ROUTER Kif]] <p>console = 2003 <p>f0/0 = LAN 1 <p>f1/0 = LAN 2 <p>Loading in this lab shows that LANs are second-class citizens, so to speak, in that they are not shown in the device list: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image018.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>Also note that because you now have an idlepc value in your database for this IOS image, you no longer get the “Warning:starting xxx with no idle-pc value” message. <h3><a name="_Toc193248001"></a><a name="_Toc148267590">Frame Relay Lab</a></h3> <p>Dynamips (and accordingly Dynagen) provides support for an integrated frame relay switch. Looking at the “frame_relay1.net” lab, connectivity to the switch is specified like so: <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p>s1/0 = F1 1 <p>[[ROUTER R2]] <p>s1/0 = F1 2 <p>[[ROUTER R3]] <p>s1/0 = F1 3 <p>We are connecting the routers’ serial interfaces to ports 1, 2, and 3 respectively on a Frame Relay switch named “F1”. <p>[[FRSW F1]] <p>1:102 = 2:201 <p>1:103 = 3:301 <p>2:203 = 3:302 <p>Here we define the switch using the FRSW keyword, and name the switch F1. The format of each Frame Relay switch entry is: <p><i>Port:dlci = port:dlci</i> <p><i></i> <p>The first line is assigning a local DLCI of 102 on port 1, which maps to a DLCI of 201 on port 2. The other two lines are configured similarly, creating a full mesh of PVCs between the three routers. (103 <-> 301, and 201 <-> 302). <p>Note: The Frame Relay switch emulated by Dynamips uses an LMI type of ANSI Annex D, not Cisco. <p>Launching the lab shows the following: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image019.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>There are several things to note here. First, all the routers are stopped. This is because of the “autostart = false” line at the beginning of the network file. By default, all routers are automatically started when a lab is launched. The autostart keyword overrides this behavior, and the lab must manually be started (start /all). Also, the Frame Relay switch F1 is listed, but you can’t stop, start, suspend, or resume it like you can with virtual routers. <p>You can configure multiple Frame Relay switches in a single lab. Dynamips also provides virtual ATM switches. See the “all_config_options.txt” file for an ATM example. <h3><a name="_Toc193248002"></a><a name="_Toc148267591">Communicating with Real Networks</a></h3> <p>Dynamips can bridge virtual router interfaces real host interfaces, allowing your virtual network to communicate with the real world. On Linux systems, this is done with the NIO_linux_eth NIO descriptor. For example: <p>f0/0 = NIO_linux_eth:eth0 <p>this bridges this router’s F0/0 interface to the eth0 interface on the host. Packets that exit f0/0 are dumped out on to the real network through eth0, and return packets are forwarded back to the virtual router instance accordingly. <p>On Windows systems, the Winpcap library is used to accomplish this bridging. Interface specification is a little more complex on Windows systems, so Dynamips provides a command line switch to list the available interfaces on Windows hosts. The Dynamips/Dynagen Windows installer includes a shortcut to this utility. On the desktop, open the “Network Device List” shortcut: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image020.gif" width="669" height="338"> <p>So on my Windows system, I would use: <p>F0/0 = NIO_gen_eth:\Device\NPF_{B00A38DD-F10B-43B4-99F4-B4A078484487} <p>to bridge to my local Ethernet adapter. <h3><a name="_Toc193248003"></a><a name="_Toc148267592">Ethernet Switch Lab</a></h3> <p>New to Dynamips as of version 0.2.5-pre22 is an integrated virtual Ethernet switch that supports VLANs with 802.1q encapsulation. <p>Open the Ethernet Switch lab and you will see that connecting Ethernet interfaces to the virtual switch is similar to working with the Frame Relay switch: <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p>F1/0 = S1 1 <p>[[ROUTER R2]] <p>F1/0 = S1 2 <p>[[ROUTER R3]] <p>F1/0 = S1 3 <p>Then, to configure these ports on the switch: <p>[[ETHSW S1]] <p>1 = access 1 <p>2 = access 20 <p>3 = dot1q 1 <p>#4 = dot1q 1 NIO_gen_eth:eth0 <p>4 = dot1q 1 NIO_gen_eth:\Device\NPF_{B00A38DD-F10B-43B4-99F4- B4A078484487} <p>Port 1 of the switch (connected to R1 F1/0) is an access port in VLAN 1. Port 2 is also an access port, but in vlan 20. Port 3 is a trunk port (specified with the dot1q keyword) with a native VLAN of 1. Trunk ports trunk all the VLANs known to the switch. <p>The switchport 4 config shows how to connect a switchport to the “real world”. Here we are connecting a trunk port with a native vlan of 1 to the host’s eth0 or Windows network device using the NIO_gen_eth Winpcap NIO. If this host interface is connected to a real switch that is configured for trunking, you can now easily connect any router instance to any VLAN you wish. <p>Dynagen includes CLI commands to show and clear the MAC address tables of virtual Ethernet switches. Those commands are “show mac <i>Ethernet_switch_name</i>’ and “clear mac<i>ethenet_switch_name</i>”. <h3></h3> <h3><a name="_Toc193248004"></a><a name="_Toc148267593">1700/2600/3600/3700 Routers</a></h3> <p>As of Dynamips 0.2.8-RC1 and Dynagen 0.10.0 1700, 2600, 3600, 3700, and 7200 routers are emulated. Working with these models of routers is much like working with 7200s. You can specify default options that apply to (for example) all 2691, 3620, 3640, 3660, 3725, or 3745s in your lab with [[2691]], [[3620]], [[3640]], [[3660]], [[3725]], and [[3745]] sections. For example: <p>[[3660]] <p> image = /opt/3660-images/c3660-ik9o3s-mz.122-15.T17.image <p> ram = 96 <p>When defining routers, the default is to emulate a 7200. Use the “model” option to specify a different model. E.g.: <p>[[ROUTER r1]] <p> model = 3660 <p> f0/0 = R2 e1/1 <p>You can mix and match router models in the same lab. If the majority of the routers in your lab are going to be a particular model other than 7200s, you can set the default for the lab by putting the “model” option at the top level. See all_config_options.txt for more info. <p>On the 1710, 1720, 1721, and 1750 platforms interfaces show in IOS without a slot designation. (e.g. “f0” for FastEthernet 0). Dynagen supports the use of this format for these routers as shown below: <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p> model = 1720 <p> f0 = R2 f0 <p>[[ROUTER r2]] <p>model = 1720 <p>Refer to the <u>Hardware Currently Emulated</u> section for an up to date list of which network modules are supported. As with 7200s, Dynagen automatically “installs” an appropriate adapter when you reference an interface such as f0/0, e1/2, s1/0, etc. (Or you can manually specify the adapter if you desire; again see all_config_options.txt for an example.) <h3></h3> <h3><a name="_Toc193248005">WIC Modules</a></h3> <p>Dynamips 0.2.8-RC1 and Dynagen 0.10.0 also added support for several WIC modules. Currently, these are the WIC-1T and WIC-2T on the 1700, 2600, 2691 and 3700 platforms, and the WIC-1ENET on the 1700. See the <u>Hardware Currently Emulated</u> section for specific model info and how many WIC slots are provided on each platform. <p>Dynagen will automatically pick and “insert” a WIC module when you reference an interface that corresponds to a WIC module. For example, the config below results in a WIC-2T being inserted in WIC slot 0 on the motherboard on r1: <p>[[ROUTER r1]] <p>model = 2621XM <p>S0/0 = r2 s0/0 <p>On 1720s, 1721s, and 1750s the interfaces provided by WIC modules are “slotless” just like the other interfaces (e.g. “e0” or “s0”). So use that format when specifying adapters in your NET file on those platforms. <p>You can also manually specific WIC modules much like manually specifying adapters. Use the WIC option like this: <p>[[ROUTER r1]] <p>model = 2621XM <p>WIC0/0 = WIC-2T <p>S0/0 = r2 s0/0 <p>This configuration specifies a WIC-2T in WIC slot 0 on the motherboard (slot 0). To reference the 2<sup>nd</sup> WIC slot on the 2621XM, use “WIC0/1”. The 3700 series provides a 3rd wic slot, which is referenced with “WIC0/3”. <p>Keep in mind that IOS on different platforms present the interfaces provided by WIC modules in different ways. On 1720 – 1750, the first interface of a given type provided by a WIC presents itself as “interface 0” no matter which WIC slot it is in. On 1751 & 1760, modules in WIC slot 0 present as “interface 0/x” and modules in WIC slot 1 as “interface 1/x”. On other platforms the first interface of a given type presents itself as “interface 0/0”, the next as “interface 0/1” and so forth. This is the way real routers would present these interfaces; this is not specific to Dynamips. <p>Here are a few examples: <p># Example 1 <p>model = 1720 <p>WIC0/0 = WIC-2T <p>WIC0/1 = WIC-1ENET <p># This creates s0, s1, and e0 <p># Example 2 <p>model = 1760 <p>WIC0/0 = WIC-2T <p>WIC0/1 = WIC-1ENET <p># This creates s0/0, s0/1, and e1/0 <p># Example 3 <p>model = 3725 <p>WIC0/0 = WIC-2T <p>WIC0/1 = WIC-1T <p>WIC0/2 = WIC-1T <p># This creates s0/0, s0/1, s0/2, & s0/3 <h3><a name="_Toc193248006">PIX Emulation</a></h3> <p>PIX emulation was added with Dynagen 0.11.0, thanks to the PEMU emulator by Milen Svobodnikov, and Pemuwrapper by Thomas Pani. To add a firewall to your lab, first you must launch the Pemu Server. On Windows, use the “Pemu Server” shortcut on the desktop and in the Start menu. On Linux, use the “pemu-start.sh” script. <p>In your network file, define the connection to the pemu server and the firewall as shown here: <p>[localhost] <p> [[7200]] <p> image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\C7200-jk9s-mz.124-12.bin <p> ram = 160 <p> npe = npe-400 <p> [[router R1]] <p> e1/0 = FW1 e0 <p>[pemu localhost] <p> [[525]] <p> image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\pix802.bin <p> serial = 0x12345678 <p> key = 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000 <p> [[fw FW1]] <p>This .net file specifies the Pemuwrapper instance as running on “localhost”. It could be running also on another computer, creating a distributed lab. Then, specify the 525 section (signifying the PIX 525 that PEMU emulates) and set the defaults that will apply to all firewall instances on this PEMU server. Here you can set the “image”, ”key”, ”serial” and “ram” options. The [FW1] line creates the PIX 525 instance; whose Ethernet0 interface is connected to R1’s e1/0 interface (specified in router R1’s config). <p>This run the lab and you can list PEMU instances using the 'list' command: <p>=> list <p>Name Type State Server Console <p>R1 7200 stopped localhost:7200 2000 <p>FW1 525 stopped localhost:10525 4000 <p>PEMU firewalls can be stopped, started, reloaded, and of course you can attach to the console just like a virtual router. However, the following commands are not supported on PEMU firewalls: <ul> <li>import / export <li>suspend / resume <li>capture / filter (on firewall interfaces. You can instead capture on the “dynamips” side of the connection) <li>cpuinfo <li>copy / push</li></ul> <p>The following caveats apply to PEMU: <ul> <li>Currently, PEMU server only runs on Windows and Linux hosts (not OS X,). However Dynagen running on any platform can be used to communicate with a PEMU server running on a Linux or Windows host. <li>There is no concept of “idlepc” for PEMU; each PEMU device will consume 100% of a core. However the process does run at a low priority. You can choose to limit CPU consumption with a 3<sup>rd</sup>party tool like <a href="http://mion.faireal.net/BES/">BES</a> (on Windows) or <a href="http://cpulimit.sourceforge.net/">cpulimit</a> on Windows. <li>Dynagen does not currently support connecting PIX interfaces to NIOs (for example “e1 = NIO_gen_eth:eth0”). To get around this, bridge the connection with a virtual Ethernet switch like so:</li></ul> <p>[localhost] <p> [[ethsw sw1]] <p> 1 = access 1 <p> 2 = access 1 NIO_gen_eth:eth0 <p>[pemu localhost] <p> e1 = sw1 1 <p>See the “pix” sample lab (in the sample_labs directory) for a more detailed example of utilizing emulated PIX firewalls in your labs. <h3><a name="_Toc193248007">Dynamic Configuration Mode</a></h3> <p>Because Dynagen has merged in Pavel Skovajsa’s confDynagen fork, version 0.11.0 now supports confDynagen’s Dynamic Configuration Mode. This significant enhancement allows you to dynamically change your lab by editing the .net config "on the fly" without needing to exit Dynagen or even stop running devices. You can add/change/remove all lab/router options that are available in the .net files without restarting your lab. You can also add/change/remove hypervisors without restarting your lab. <p>Dynagen now supports running without specifying a NET file to load This runs Dynagen with empty lab, and you are able to create the new lab with confDynagen's configuration mode. This is rather clumsy when creating a big lab from scratch - however it could be done. The following example uses this option in order to illustrate as many of the options as possible. Instead, you will typically define the network in your NET file, and then use the Dynamic Configuration Mode to “tweak” the lab. <p>In the following example, input and output of Dynagen is shown in blue, along with comments inline: <p>=> conf localhost <p>Hypervisor on localhost:7200 created <p>This command added the hypervisor running on localhost:7200 to the lab, which will attempt to connect to a Dynamips server running on port 7200 on localhost. Explicitly specifying 7200 here is technically not needed, as it is the default port. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)help <p>Documented commands (type help <topic>): <p>======================================== <p>2691 3640 3725 7200 help no router <p>3620 3660 3745 exit hist py workingdir <p>Use of the “conf” command caused us to enter config mode (which should be familiar to Cisco IOS users). Above, the “help” command shows us a list of the options available in hypervisor config mode. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)7200 <p>This enters what would be the [[7200]] section of the .NET file, where default options for 7200 routers are set. Minimum setting is the IOS image path. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-7200)help <p>Documented commands (type help <topic>): <p>======================================= <p>cnfg disk0 exit help idlemax idlesleep midplane npe py slot <p>confreg disk1 ghostios hist idlepc image no nvram ram <p>Here the “defaults” configuration mode options are shown, which include all the options that can be set in the device defaults section of a NET file. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-7200)image = C:\IOS\C7200-jk9s-mz.124-12.bin <p>C7200-jk9s-mz.124-12.bin found in user idlepc database <p>Setting idlepc value to 0x60654b68 <p>Here the IOS image is set, and the idlepc value is automatically plucked from the idlepc database previously configured on this system. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-7200)npe <p>npe = <npe type> <p>set NPE type. Choose "npe-100", "npe-150", "npe-175", "npe-200", "npe-225", "npe-300" or "npe-400" <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-7200)npe = npe-400 <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-7200)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)router R1 <p>Router R1 created <p>The “router <router_name> <model>” command creates a new router with specified model and name. All options set under model default config get applied to the router. The default model is 7200, so we could use command 'router R1' instead of 'router R1 model 7200' (which will work too). This will drop you into router config mode. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R1)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)router R2 <p>Router R2 created <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R2)help <p>Documented commands (type help <topic>): <p>======================================== <p>a confreg e f help idlepc midplane nvram py se <p>at disk0 et fa hist idlesleep no p ram slot <p>cnfg disk1 exit ghostios idlemax image npe po s <p>In the router config mode we can set specific options like (midplane, nvram size, disk0 size etc.) for this specific router. The 'a', 'f', 'e' commands are for creating connections between routers. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R2)f0/0 = R1 f0/0 <p>Here is an example of creating a connection to another router’s interface. The syntax is the same as used in NET files. Syntax for disconnecting this connection would “no f0/0 = R1 f0/0”. Any option that has been previously set can be removed by using the “no” version of the command. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R2)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=> show run <p>autostart = False <p>[localhost:7200] <p>[[7200]] <p>npe = npe-400 <p>image = C:\IOS\C7200-jk9s-mz.124-12.bin <p>idlepc = 0x60654b68 <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p>model = 7200 <p>F0/0 = R2 F0/0 <p>[[ROUTER R2]] <p>model = 7200 <p>F0/0 = R1 F0/0 <p>The “show run” command displays the running configuration of current lab in the NET file format. <p>=> start /all <p>100-C7200 'R1' started <p>100-C7200 'R2' started <p>We start our routers to begin the simulation. At this point you can console to the devices and start configuring. <p>=> conf localhost <p>After the devices are started we can still go into config mode and add/change/remove stuff. The changes are reflected on the routers either immediately, or after router reload depends on the type of option changed, and the type of device. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)router R1 <p>If router R1 already exists (as it does in this case) we are placed into the router config mode where we can add/change/remove any router option. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R1)f1/0 = R2 f2/0 <p>Here we add a new connection on the fly. As you can see in the 'show run' output above there is no adapter card in slot 1 in our 7206. This command will virtually insert the card (PA-FE-TX in this example) into slot1 and create the connection between both routers. This will be seen on the router as an OIR (online insertion removal) event: <p>%OIR-6-INSCARD: Card inserted in slot 1, interfaces administratively shut down <p>%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to down <p>%ENTITY_ALARM-6-INFO: ASSERT INFO Fa1/0 Physical Port Administrative State Down <p>%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to down <p>The only router that Dynamips emulates that supports OIR is the 7206. However you can still create/delete connections between other classes of routers provided that the network modules were inserted before the router was started. <p>=>(config-localhost:7200-router R1)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=>(config-localhost:7200)exit <p>Exiting... <p>=> show run <p>autostart = False <p>[localhost:7200] <p>[[7200]] <p>npe = npe-400 <p>image = C:\IOS\C7200-jk9s-mz.124-12.bin <p>idlepc = 0x60654b68 <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p>model = 7200 <p>F0/0 = R2 F0/0 <p>slot1 = PA-FE-TX <p>F1/0 = R2 F2/0 <p>[[ROUTER R2]] <p>model = 7200 <p>F0/0 = R1 F0/0 <p>slot2 = PA-FE-TX <p>F2/0 = R1 F1/0 <p>The “show run” output reflects the change. <p>=> copy run start <p>After making your changes you can save it back into the .NET file. This will also save the NVRAM config into from the routers into the NET file under 'configuration' option, (just as a 'save /all' command does). <h3><a name="_Toc193248008"></a><a name="_Toc148267594">Client / Server and Multi-server Operation</a></h3> <p>The Dynamips “Hypervisor” mode that is used by Dynagen is a TCP/IP communications channel, so the Dynagen client can run on a different machine than the Dynamips emulator. This is done by specifying a host other than “localhost” in the network file. Take a look at the “multiserver.net” lab. First we specify the devices to run the local system (a Windows XP host): <p># A windows server (the local machine) <p>[xplt] <p> [[7200]] <p> image = \PROGRA~1\Dynamips\images\c7200-ik9o3s-mz.122-15.T17.image <p> ram = 96 <p> [[ROUTER R1]] <p> # Connect to s1/0 on R2 running on a different server <p> s1/0 = R2 s1/0 <p>A few things to note: First, we must use the DNS name or the IP address of our local host, and not “localhost” when identifying the system. This is because the other server defined below will use this name when talking to our local system. Second, connecting to a device on another system is as simple as specifying it the same way you would if it was on the local system. You can use any connectivity method or device supported by Dynamips (Ethernet, Serial, ATM, Bridges, Ethernet switches, Frame Relay Switches, etc.) This “transparent” connectivity is new to Dynagen starting with version 0.4. <p>Next we define the other Dynamips server, and the router instance running on it: <p># A linux server <p>[bender:7200] <p>workingdir = /home/greg/labs/dist1 <p> [[7200]] <p> image = /opt/7200-images/c7200-ik9o3s-mz.122-15.T17.image <p> ram = 96 <p> [[ROUTER R2]] <p>Here, we are talking to a server named “bender” (you can also specify and IP address here rather than a DNS name). We are specifying the TCP port that the Dynamips process is listening on as 7200. This is the default so isn’t actually necessary in this instance. But if you set up Dynamips to listen on a different port you would specify it here. <p>When talking to a remote server, you need to specify the working directory for this lab. As you may have noticed in the previous labs, Dynamips stores several files in the working directory. These include the NVRAM for the virtual router, as well as the bootflash, logfiles, and some other working files. When running Dynamips and Dynagen on the same machine, you do not need to specify the working directory, because Dynagen defaults to using the same directory as the network file. But in a distributed setup the network file is on the client and the working files are on the host. So specify the fully qualified path to the working directory on the Dynamips host. Be sure to use the correct directory separation character for the platform (here forward slashes for a Linux system). <p>Be sure that any host based firewalls running on all your Dynamips servers (for example, XP SP2’s firewall) are permitting the necessary traffic. This includes the Dynamips server port (defaults to TCP 7200), the console ports (e.g. TCP 2000, 2001, …) and the ports used by the NIO connections between interfaces, which start at UDP 10000 and work up from there. <h3><a name="_Toc193248009"></a><a name="_Ref163903661"></a><a name="_Memory_Usage_Optimizations"></a>Memory Usage Optimizations</h3> <p>As described in the <u>Resource Utilization</u> section your labs can consume a large amount of real and virtual memory. The “ghostios” and “sparemem” options were added to address both of these issues, respectively. <p>The Ghostios option can significantly reduce the amount of real host RAM needed for labs with multiple routers running the same IOS image. With this feature, instead of each virtual router storing an identical copy of IOS in its virtual RAM the host will allocate one shared region of memory that they will all utilize. So for example, if you are running 10 routers all with the same IOS image, and that image is 60 MB in size you will save 9*60 = 540 MB of real RAM when running your lab. Enabling ghostios is as simple as specifying “ghostios = true” in your network file. This option can be used in several places: <ul> <li>If used at the top level, ghostios is applied to all router instances in the lab <li>If used at the defaults section (e.g. “[[7200]]”) it applies only to that model of router on that dynamips server <li>Note that ghostios (and all other top level parameters for that matter) cannot be specified at the server level. They will be ignored. ghostios also cannot be specified at the router level</li></ul> <p>Typical usage is to specify “ghostios = true” at the top level. Dynagen is smart enough only to use ghostios if there is more than one router using the same IOS image. <p>When enabled, you will notice additional files in the same directory as you router nvram files with names like “c3660-ik9o3s-mz.124-10.image.ghost”. This is the mmap’ed file that contains the shared memory region. The other files typically created with a router instance are created as well (log, nvram, and possibly bootflash files). <p>Measuring the amount of host memory saved with ghostios can be a little tricky due to the complexities of memory management in modern OSs. See <a href="http://7200emu.hacki.at/viewtopic.php?t=364">this sticky post</a> in the General section of <a href="http://hacki.at/7200emu/">Hacki’s Forum</a> titled “Understanding memory usage and RAM Ghosting: for the gory details. <p>The “sparsemem” feature does not conserve real memory, but instead reduces the amount of virtual memory used by your router instances. This can be important, because OS limits a single process to 2 GB of virtual memory on 32-bit Windows, and 3 GB on 32-bit Linux. For example, on Windows, after the VM space used by cygwin and other libraries dynamips depends on, this only leaves room for 4 router instances @ 256 MB each! Enabling sparsemem only allocates virtual memory on the host that is actually used by IOS in that router instance, rather than the entire amount of RAM configured. This can allow you to run more instances per dynamips process before you have to resort to running multiple dynamips processes. See <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_When_I_try">this FAQ item</a> for more info on this issue. <p>Neither ghostios nor sparemem are enabled by default, so you must turn them on with: <p>ghostios = true <p>sparsemem = true <p>in your network file. If you use ghostios, the shared memory will be memory-mapped no matter what your mmap setting is. If you enable sparse-mem, no memory mapping will occur for router memory. You can choose to use ghostios or sparsemem separately or together. <p>Here is an example network file with typical ghostios and sparsemem usage – configured at the top level so that they are applied to all router instances in the lab: <p>model = 3660 <p>ghostios = true <p>sparsemem = true <p>[localhost] <p> [[3660]] <p> image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c3660-ik9o3s-mz.124-10.image <p> [[router r1]] <p> fa0/0 = sw 1 # Note that you can use two letter interfaces names <p> # for increased clarity if you wish <p>[[router r2]] <p> fa1/0 = sw 2 <p> [[router r3]] <p>fa1/0 = sw 3 <p> [[ETHSW sw1]] <p>1 = access 5 <p>2 = access 25 <p>3 = access 35 <p>4 = dot1q 1 NIO_gen_eth: NIO_gen_eth:\Device\NPF_{B00A38DD-F10B-43B4-99F4-B4A078484487} <h3><a name="_Toc193248010">Packet Capture</a></h3> <p>Dynamips / Dynagen can capture packets on virtual Ethernet or Serial interfaces and write the output to a capture file for use with applications like <a href="http://www.tcpdump.org/">tcpdump</a>, <a href="http://www.wireshark.org/">Wireshark</a>, or any other application that can read the libpcap capture file format. <p>Consider three routers in series, “r1” and “r2” are connected via an Ethernet cable, and r2 connects to r3 via a point-to-point serial connection with HDLC encapsulation. The network file would look something like this: <p>model = 3660 <p>[localhost] <p> [[3660]] <p> image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c3660-ik9o3s-mz.124-10.image <p> [[router r1]] <p> f0/0 = r2 f0/0 <p> [[router r2]] <p> s1/0 = r3 s1/0 <p> [[router r3]] <p>To begin capturing traffic at r1’s f0/0 interface and to write it to the file “r1.cap”, enter the following in the Dynagen Management window: <p>capture r1 f0/0 r1.cap <p>To view the traffic in real-time, open the file with Wireshark.: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image021.gif" width="512" height="445"> <p>The capture is continuing to write packets to the output file. If we ping r2 from r1, then hit the “reload this capture file” icon we see: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image022.jpg" width="530" height="488"> <p>To stop capturing packets, enter: <p>no capture r1 f0/0 <p>Dynamips / Dynagen can capture packets at serial interfaces too. In this case we must also specify the encapsulation we are using on our routers, so Wireshark will know how to decode the packets. Our encapsulation options are FR (Frame-Relay), HDLC, or PPP. To capture some traffic on our HDLC encapluated r2 to r3 link use: <p>capture r2 s1/0 r2.cap HDLC <p>Now we can open r2.cap, and the decode looks like this: <p><img border="0" src="http://dynagen.org/tutorial_files/image023.jpg" width="530" height="411"> <p>Now end the capture with “no capture r2 s1/0”. Note that you can have multiple captures running simultaneously against different interfaces on different routers. <h3><a name="_Toc193248011">Other Commands / Features</a></h3> <p>Dynamips and Dynagen provide more options and interface types than shown in this tutorial. Take a look at the “all_config_options.txt” file for list of all these options. For example, specifying an Ethernet adapter such as “e1/0” installs a PA-8E, “p1/0” installs a PA-POS-OC3, etc. <p>Here are some additional commands that can be used in the Dynagen management console that are not explained in this tutorial. Refer to the online help (<i>command</i> /? or help <i>command</i>) for usage: <ul> <li>import / export – Imports and exports router configs from nvram to text files on your host. Can be used to get a copy of your current configs, or as a “snapshotting” feature to save your router configs before you make changes. <li>push / save – Much like import and export, but the configs are stored as base64 encoded “blobs” right in your network file (specified with the “configuration” option). This allows you to distribute an entire lab with the network topology and IOS configs all in a single .net file <li>filter – Applies a connection filter to an interface. Currently the only filter supported by dynamips is “freq_drop”, which drops x out of every y packets across a link (simulating intermittent packet loss). <li>send – Used to send raw hypervisor commands to dynamips (see README.hypervisor included with the dynamips source for documentation on hypervisor commands). These hypervisor commands are how Dynagen communicates with Dynamips. This command would typically only be used uf developing new features in dynamips, experimenting, or simply curious. <li>ver – outputs the version of Dynagen being used, as well as the versions of each dynamips instance Dynagen is connected to. <li>hist – Dynagen management console command history (like “history” in bash) <li>py – execute arbitrary python commands within the current dynagen namespace (for example, try “py print namespace.devices”) <li>shell (or !) – pass commands to the DOS or Unix shell (e.g. “! dir” or “! ls”)</li></ul> <p>Also be sure to keep up on Dynamips development by following the technical blog at <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/">http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/</a> for the latest developments. <h3><a name="_Toc148267596"></a><a name="_Toc193248012"></a><a name="_Ref176746752">Hardware Currently Emulated</a></h3> <p><s>Stolen</s> Borrowed from ggee’s excellent post on Hacki’s forum: <p>===========1700s=========== <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080088716.html">1710</a> <p> Slots: 0 (available) <p> WIC slots: 0 <p> CISCO1710-MB-1FE-1E (1 FastEthernet port and 1 Ethernet port, automatically used) <p> Note, interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/1700/1720/hardware/installation/guide/1720hig.html">1720</a> <p> Note, interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a00800920ec.html">1721</a> <p> Note, interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080092102.html">1750</a> <p> Note, interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/1700/1751/hardware/installation/guide/Intro.html">1751</a> <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/1700/1760/hardware/installation/guide/intro.html">1760</a> <p> Slots: 0 (available) <p> WIC slots: 2 <p> C1700-MB-1ETH (1 FastEthernet port, automatically used) <p>Cards: <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml">WIC-1T</a> (1 Serial port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml">WIC-2T</a> (2 Serial ports) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/1700/software/feature/guide/cn1ENET.html">WIC-1ENET</a> (1 Ethernet ports) <p>===========2600s=========== <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2610</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-1E (1 Ethernet port, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2611</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-2E (2 Ethernet ports, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2620</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-1FE (1 FastEthernet port, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2621</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-2FE (2 FastEthernet ports, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2610XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-1FE (1 FastEthernet port, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps259/ps4830/index.html">2611XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-2FE (2 FastEthernet ports, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2620XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-1FE (1 FastEthernet port, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2621XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-2FE (2 FastEthernet ports, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2650XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-1FE (1 FastEthernet port, automatically used) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2651XM</a> <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p> CISCO2600-MB-2FE (2 FastEthernet ports, automatically used) <p>Cards: <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-1E</a> (Ethernet, 1 port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-4E</a> (Ethernet, 4 ports) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-1FE-TX</a> (FastEthernet, 1 port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t11/ft1636nm.htm">NM-16ESW</a> (Ethernet switch module, 16 ports) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-NAM</a> <p> - NM-IDS <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml">WIC-1T</a> (1 Serial port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml">WIC-2T</a> (2 Serial ports) <p>===========3600s=========== <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/3600/hardware/installation/guide/3600ch1.html">3660</a> <p> Slots: 6 (available) <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/3600/hardware/installation/guide/3600ch1.html">3640</a> <p> Slots: 4 <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/3600/hardware/installation/guide/3600ch1.html">3620</a> <p> Slots: 2 <p>Cards: <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-1E</a> (Ethernet, 1 port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-4E</a> (Ethernet, 4 ports) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-1FE-TX</a> (FastEthernet, 1 port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t11/ft1636nm.htm">NM-16ESW</a> (Ethernet switch module, 16 ports) <p> - NM-4T (Serial, 4 ports) <p> - Leopard-2FE (Cisco 3660 FastEthernet in slot 0, automatically used) <p>===========3700s=========== <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/2600/hardware/installation/guide/2600ch1.html">2691</a> (The 2691 is essentially a 3700 with 1 slot) <p> Slots: 1 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/3700/hardware/installation/guide/3700ch1.html">3725</a> <p> Slots: 2 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/3700/hardware/installation/guide/3700ch1.html">3745</a> <p> Slots: 4 (available) <p> WIC slots: 3 <p>Cards: <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-1FE-TX</a> (FastEthernet, 1 port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-4T</a> (Serial, 4 ports) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t11/ft1636nm.htm">NM-16ESW</a> (Ethernet switch module, 16 ports) <p> - GT96100-FE (2 integrated ports, automatically used) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2797/products_installation_guide_book09186a008078719d.html">NM-NAM</a> <p> - NM-IDS <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml">WIC-1T</a> (1 Serial port) <p> - <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml">WIC-2T</a> (2 Serial ports) <p>===========7200s=========== <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_book09186a008007daa6.html">7206</a> <p> Slots: 6 (available) <p>Chassis types: <p>- STD <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_book09186a008007daa6.html">VXR</a> <p>NPEs: <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054edc8.html">NPE-100</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054edc8.html">NPE-150</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054edca.html">NPE-175</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054edc8.html">NPE-200</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054edca.html">NPE-225</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054ede0.html">NPE-300</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008054ede0.html">NPE-400</a> <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a008068614e.html">NPE-G2</a> (Requires the use of NPE-G2 IOS images) <p>Cards: <p>- C7200-IO-FE (FastEthernet, slot 0 only) <p>- C7200-IO-2FE (FastEthernet, 2 ports, slot 0 only) <p>- C7200-IO-GE-E (GigabitEthernet interface only, Ethernet not currently functional, slot 0 only) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-fe_100baset_fast_ethernet_install_config/2659v2fe.html">PA-FE-TX</a> (FastEthernet) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-2fe_tx.fx_install_config/pa_2fetx.html">PA-2FE-TX</a> (FastEthernet, 2 ports) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-4e_10baset_install_config/3493conf.html">PA-4E</a> (Ethernet, 4 ports) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-8e_10baset_install_config/pa_8e.html">PA-8E</a> (Ethernet, 8 ports) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/serial/pa-4t+_sync_serial_install_config/4159m4tp.html">PA-4T+</a> (Serial, 4 ports) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/serial/pa-8t-v35_sync_serial_install_config/3563ttl.html">PA-8T</a> (Serial, 8 ports) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/atm/pa-a1_ATM_install_config/a1_0c3sm.html">PA-A1</a> (ATM) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/pos/pa-pos-oc3_install_config/paposoc3.html">PA-POS-OC3</a> (POS) <p>- <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-ge_gigabit_ethernet_install_config/pa_ge.html">PA-GE</a> (GigabitEthernet) <h3><a name="_Toc193248013">FAQs</a></h3> <h4><a name="_Toc193248014"></a><a name="_Toc148267598">How do I determine idle pc values from Dynagen?</a></h4> <p><s>Currently, you don’t.</s> Now you can! See the “Calculating Idle-PC” values section in this tutorial. <h4><a name="_Toc193248015"></a><a name="_Ref163905016"></a><a name="_Toc148267599"></a><a name="_When_I_try"></a>When I try to run more than 4 router instances @ 256 MB each (or 6 instances @ 160 MB each) on Windows, or more than 7 instances @ 256 MB each (or 11 instances @ 160 MB each) on 32-bit Linux Dynamips crashes.</h4> <p>By default, Windows has a 2 GB per process limit that (after including the memory used by the virtual router RAM, cygwin, libraries, and ‘scratch space”) you are bumping up against. 32-bit Linux has a 3 GB per process limit by default. <p>One workaround for this problem is to use the <a href="http://dynagen.org/tutorial.htm#_Memory_Usage_Optimizations">sparsemem</a> option. <p>Another is to run multiple instances of Dynamips on the same system listening on different control ports like so: <p>On Windows: <p>start /belownormal /min "Dynamips" "dynamips.exe" -H 7200 <p>start /belownormal /min "Dynamips" "dynamips.exe" -H 7201 <p> On Linux/Unix: <p>nice dynamips –H 7200 & <p>nice dynamips –H 7201 & <p>Then use a multiserver config, but specify that both servers are on “localhost” but with the 2<sup>nd</sup> one on port 7201: <p>[localhost] # Talk to the 1st dynamips process on the default port 7200 <p>[[7200]] <p>… <p>[[ROUTER R1]] <p> f0/0 = R2 f0/0 <p> [localhost:7201] # Talk to the 2<sup>nd</sup> dynamips process on port 7201 <p> [[7200]] <p> … <p> [[ROUTER R2]] <p>Note that as of 0.11.0 manually changing the UDP port for connections on the 2<sup>nd</sup> instance is no longer needed. Dynagen now takes care of this automatically. <h4><a name="_Toc193248016"></a><a name="_Toc148267600">I have a complex lab with several routers, and my serial interfaces are flapping, eigrp neighbor adjacencies are failing, show run and write mem takes forever.</a></h4> <p>This is most likely a performance issue with the host PC. Large labs consume lots of RAM and CPU. By default, the router’s DRAM is simulated as a disk file of the same size as the allocated RAM. The host OS’s caching features will naturally try to keep the most commonly access pages in RAM. But as your RAM runs low, disk thrashing will begin. The virtual routers then become “starved” for CPU and start missing various hellos and such. There are several options for resolving this: <ul> <li>Use a more powerful host (more RAM and / or a faster CPU) <li>Distribute your lab across several hosts <li>Use lower-end virtual routers where possible. For example, a 3620 running 12.2 IP base only needs 32 MB of RAM and could be used when you need to simulate a simple LAN router, or “the Internet”.</li></ul> <h4><a name="_Toc193248017">There is a newer version of Dynamips available than the one bundled with the Dynagen Windows installer. How do I use it with Dynagen? / How do I use Dynagen with Windows 2000 or Windows XP SP1?</a></h4> <p><b></b> <p>The version of Dynamips included with the Windows Dynagen installer requires Windows XP SP2. In either of the above cases, download the Windows binaries from the Dynamips site (<a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/">http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/</a>). For Windows XP / 2003 rename the file “dynamips-wxp.exe” to “dynamips.exe”. For Windows 2000, use the file “dynamips-w2000.exe” instead. Then copy both “dynamips.exe” and “cygwin1.dll” to “C:\Program Files\Dynamips”, replacing the existing files. <h4><a name="_Toc193248018">On Linux / Unix / OS X, when I bridge a router or switch interface to my local host I can’t ping it from my host. But this works on Windows? What gives?</a></h4> <p><b></b> <p>This does generally work on Windows (depending on your network card) but not on Linux / Unix. Most likely this is due to differences between libpcap and Winpcap, and the differences in the network stacks on Unix / Windows (e.g. NDIS). However you should be able to ping your bridged interfaces from other systems on the bridged network. If this does not work on Windows for your particular NIC, try creating a Windows loopback adapter and bridging to that. See <a href="http://7200emu.hacki.at/viewtopic.php?t=274&highlight=">this</a> thread for more info. On Linux you can use a tap interface and the NIO_tap NIO type. OS X you can install tun/tap drivers as detailed in <a href="http://7200emu.hacki.at/viewtopic.php?t=3760">this</a> thread. <h4><a name="_Toc193248019">I have a question / I’m having a problem / I think I’ve found a bug. How do I submit a quality post on the </a><a href="http://7200emu.hacki.at/index.php">forum</a> or the <a href="http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/">bug tracking system</a> thereby increasing the likelihood that someone will be able to help me out?</h4> <p><b></b> <p>Be sure to note all the following in your post: <ul> <li>The specific details of your issue <li>Try to provide the simplest lab you can that recreates the issue <li>Add “debug = 1” to your lab, and capture all output if you think debug output would be helpfull <li>Dynagen crash traceback (if any) <li>Any output from Dynamips</li></ul> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-9421212148647582002012-08-26T23:08:00.004+03:002012-08-27T15:15:22.818+03:00Dynamips<p>Dynamips is a software that emulates Cisco IOS on a traditional PC. It has been made by Christophe Fillot who started his work in August 2005. The last official release of Dynamips supports Cisco 7200, 3600 series (3620, 3640 and 3660), 3700 series (3725, 3745), 2600 series (2610 to 2650XM, 2691) and 1700 series. It is very popular with people studying for CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate), CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) and CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert) certification exams. Please note that you must provide your own IOS images compatible with the <a href="http://www.startccna.blogspot.com/2012/08/hardware-emulated-by-gns3.html" target="_blank"><strong>Cisco hardware emulated</strong></a><u></u> by Dynamips. <p>GNS3 is based on <strong><u><a href="http://www.startccna.blogspot.com/2012/08/dynamips.html" target="_blank">Dynamips</a></u></strong> and <strong><u><a href="http://www.startccna.blogspot.com/2012/08/dynagen.html" target="_blank">Dynagen</a></u></strong> (a text-based front-end for Dynamips) to create a complete virtual Cisco network, adding many additional features and most importantly making it easy to create, change and save your network topologies. <p>Unfortunately, Dynamips is no longer officially maintained, this is why we have chosen to make – with the precious help of contributors – an unofficial version of Dynamips called dynamips-community that brings many improvements. </p> <a name='more'></a> <h5>Download Dynamips</h5> <ul> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community-cygwin.zip/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community binaries for Windows</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community-OSX.intel64.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community binary for Mac OS X (Intel 64-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community-OSX.intel.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community binary for Mac OS X (Intel 32-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community-x86.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community binary for Linux (32-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community-x86_64.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community binary for Linux (64-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC3-community/dynamips-0.2.8-RC3-community.tar.gz/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC3-community sources</a></li></ul> <ul> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC2/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2-cygwin.zip/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC2 binaries for Windows</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC2/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2-OSX-Leopard.intel.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC2 binary for Mac OS X</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC2/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2-x86.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC2 binary for Linux (32-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC2/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2-amd64.bin/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC2 binary for Linux (64-bit)</a> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gns-3/files/Dynamips/0.2.8-RC2/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2.tar.gz/download" target="_blank">Dynamips 0.2.8-RC2 sources</a></li></ul><code><ins></code></ins></p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-18806559545224372792012-08-26T23:08:00.001+03:002012-08-26T23:08:01.250+03:00Hardware emulated by GNS3<h5>Cisco 1700 Series</h5> <p>1700s have one or more interfaces on the motherboard, 2 subslots for WICs (excepting on 1710s), an no NM slots. <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080088716.html" target="_blank">1710</a></h6> <ul> <li>1 FastEthernet and 1 Ethernet fixed ports (CISCO1710-MB-1FE-1E). <li>WIC slots: 0 <li>Note that interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”)</li></ul> <h6></h6> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a00800920ec.html" target="_blank">1720</a>, <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a00800920ec.html" target="_blank">1721</a> and <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080092102.html" target="_blank">1750</a></h6> <ul> <li>1 FastEthernet fixed port (C1700-MB-1ETH). <li>WIC slots: 2 (maximum of 2 Ethernet ports or 4 serial ports). <li>Note that interfaces do not use a slot designation (e.g. “f0”)</li></ul> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080088719.html" target="_blank">1751</a> and <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a00800920f2.html" target="_blank">1760</a></h6> <ul> <li>1 FastEthernet fixed port (C1700-MB-1ETH). <li>WIC slots: 2 (maximum of 2 Ethernet ports or 4 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>WIC cards</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-1T</a> (1 serial port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-2T</a> (2 serial ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps221/products_data_sheet09186a0080088714.html" target="_blank">WIC-1ENET</a> (1 Ethernet ports)</li></ul> <a name='more'></a> <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco 2600 Series</h5> <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps259/product_data_sheet0900aecd800fa5be.html" target="_blank">2600s</a> have one or more interfaces on the motherboard, 2 subslots for WICs and 1 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/interfaces/nm/hardware/installation/guide/OvrNetM.html" target="_blank">Network Module</a> (NM) slot. <h6>2610</h6> <ul> <li>1 Ethernet fixed port (CISCO2600-MB-1E). <li>NM slots: 1 (maximum of 4 Ethernet ports or 16 FastEthernet ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>2611</h6> <ul> <li>2 Ethernet fixed ports (CISCO2600-MB-2E). <li>NM slots: 1 (maximum of 4 Ethernet ports or 16 FastEthernet ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>2610XM, 2620, 2620XM and 2650XM</h6> <ul> <li>1 FastEthernet fixed port (CISCO2600-MB-1FE). <li>NM slots: 1 (maximum of 4 Ethernet ports or 16 FastEthernet ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>2611XM, 2621, 2621XM and 2651XM</h6> <ul> <li>2 FastEthernet fixed ports (CISCO2600-MB-2FE). <li>NM slots: 1 (maximum of 4 Ethernet ports or 16 FastEthernet ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>Network Modules</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-1E</a> (1 Ethernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-4E</a> (4 Ethernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-1FE-TX</a> (1 FastEthernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps259/product_data_sheet09186a00801aca3e.html" target="_blank">NM-16ESW</a> (switch module: 16 FastEthernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3/12_3x/12_3xd/feature/guide/nm_nam.html" target="_blank">NM-NAM</a> (Network Analysis Module, not working). <li>NM-IDS (IDS Network Module, not working).</li></ul> <h6>WIC cards</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-1T</a> (1 serial port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-2T</a> (2 serial ports)</li></ul> <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco 3600 Series</h5> <p>3600s have 2 to 6 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/interfaces/nm/hardware/installation/guide/OvrNetM.html" target="_blank">Network Module</a> (NM) slots. <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091f6f.html" target="_blank">3620</a></h6> <ul> <li>NM slots: 2 (maximum of 8 Ethernet ports, 32 FastEthernet ports or 8 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091f6f.html" target="_blank">3640</a></h6> <ul> <li>NM slots: 4 (maximum of 16 Ethernet ports, 32 FastEthernet ports or 16 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091ba4.html" target="_blank">3660</a></h6> <ul> <li>2 FastEthernet fixed ports (Leopard-2FE). <li>NM slots: 6 (maximum of 24 Ethernet ports, 32 FastEthernet ports or 24 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>Network Modules</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-1E</a> (1 Ethernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-4E</a> (4 Ethernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-1FE-TX</a> (1 FastEthernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps259/product_data_sheet09186a00801aca3e.html" target="_blank">NM-16ESW</a> (switch module: 16 FastEthernet ports, maximum of 2 modules per router) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800a93f3.shtml" target="_blank">NM-4T</a> (4 serial ports)</li></ul> <h5>Cisco 3700 Series</h5> <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps282/product_data_sheet09186a008009203f.html" target="_blank">3700s</a> have 2 FastEthernet interfaces on the motherboard, 3 subslots for WICs and 1 to 4 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/interfaces/nm/hardware/installation/guide/OvrNetM.html" target="_blank">Network Module</a> (NM) slots. <h6>2691</h6> <ul> <li>2 FastEthernet fixed ports (GT96100-FE) <li>NM slots: 1 (maximum of 16 FastEthernet ports or 4 serial ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports). <li>Note: the 2691 is essentially a 3700 with 1 NM slot.</li></ul> <h6>3725</h6> <ul> <li>2 FastEthernet fixed ports (GT96100-FE) <li>NM slots: 2 (maximum of 32 FastEthernet ports or 8 serial ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>3745</h6> <ul> <li>2 FastEthernet fixed ports (GT96100-FE) <li>NM slots: 4 (maximum of 32 FastEthernet ports or 16 serial ports). <li>WIC slots: 3 (maximum of 6 serial ports).</li></ul> <h6>Network Modules</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_data_sheet09186a0080091b89.html" target="_blank">NM-1FE-TX</a> (1 FastEthernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps259/product_data_sheet09186a00801aca3e.html" target="_blank">NM-16ESW</a> (switch module: 16 FastEthernet ports, maximum of 2 modules per router) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800a93f3.shtml" target="_blank">NM-4T</a> (4 serial ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_3/12_3x/12_3xd/feature/guide/nm_nam.html" target="_blank">NM-NAM</a> (Network Analysis Module, not working). <li>NM-IDS (IDS Network Module, not working).</li></ul> <h6>WIC cards</h6> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps3129/products_tech_note09186a00800b0859.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-1T</a> (1 serial port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps274/products_tech_note09186a00800b0858.shtml" target="_blank">WIC-2T</a> (2 serial ports)</li></ul> <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco 7200 Series</h5> <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps341/data_sheet_c78_339749.html" target="_blank">7200s</a> have a different <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_tech_note09186a0080094ea3.shtml" target="_blank">architecture</a>. Only the 7206 is supported, it has 6 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/7200/roadmaps/7200_series_port_adapter_doc_roadmap/3530.html" target="_blank">Port Adapters</a> (PA) slots. <h6>7206</h6> <ul> <li>PA slots: 6 <li>Note: VXR chassis, NPE-400 and C7200-IO-FE are the default in GNS3.</li></ul> <h6>Chassis types</h6> <ul> <li>STD <li>VXR</li></ul> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/7200/install_and_upgrade/network_process_engine_install_config/npense.html" target="_blank">Network Processing Engines</a> (NPEs)</h6> <ul> <li>NPE-100 <li>NPE-150 <li>NPE-175 <li>NPE-200 <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps341/product_data_sheet09186a0080092132.html" target="_blank">NPE-225</a> <li>NPE-300 <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps341/product_data_sheet09186a00800ae715.html" target="_blank">NPE-400</a> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps341/product_data_sheet0900aecd8047177b.html" target="_blank">NPE-G2</a> (requires the use of NPE-G2 c7200p IOS images)</li></ul> <h6><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/products_data_sheet09186a0080088724.html" target="_blank">Input/Output Controllers</a></h6> <p>Can be inserted into slot 0 only. <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1t/12_1t5/feature/guide/dtasio.html" target="_blank">C7200-IO-FE</a> (1 FastEthernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1t/12_1t5/feature/guide/dtasio.html" target="_blank">C7200-IO-2FE</a> (2 FastEthernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1t/12_1t5/feature/guide/dtasio.html" target="_blank">C7200-IO-GE-E</a> (1 GigabitEthernet port, Ethernet port is not functional)</li></ul> <h6>Port Adapters</h6> <p><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps359/products_tech_note09186a00800c8282.shtml" target="_blank">Online Insertion and Removal</a> (OIR) is supported, allowing you to replace PAs while the router is running. <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps2033/ps2546/product_data_sheet09186a0080091c92.html" target="_blank">PA-FE-TX</a> (1 FastEthernet port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps2033/ps2546/product_data_sheet09186a0080091c92.html" target="_blank">PA-2FE-TX</a> (2 FastEthernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-4e_10baset_install_config/3493over.html#wpxref54014" target="_blank">PA-4E</a> (4 Ethernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-8e_10baset_install_config/3494over.html" target="_blank">PA-8E</a> (8 Ethernet ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2033/products_data_sheet09186a0080091cd2.html" target="_blank">PA-4T+</a> (4 serial ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2033/products_data_sheet09186a0080091cd6.html" target="_blank">PA-8T</a> (8 serial ports) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/modules/ps2033/products_data_sheet09186a0080091d78.html" target="_blank">PA-A1</a> (1 ATM port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/pos/pa-pos-oc3_install_config/3577over.html" target="_blank">PA-POS-OC3</a> (1 Packet-Over-SONET port) <li><a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/interfaces_modules/port_adapters/install_upgrade/ethernet/pa-ge_gigabit_ethernet_install_config/pa_ge.html" target="_blank">PA-GE</a> (1 GigabitEthernet port)</li></ul> <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco Catalyst Switches</h5> <p>At this moment, it is <strong>not possible</strong> to emulate Catalyst switches with Dynamips/GNS3. This is due to the impossibility to emulate ASIC processors used in those type of devices. However you can use the <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2t/12_2t8/feature/guide/ft1636nm.html" target="_blank">EtherSwitch</a> module with 2600s, 3600s and 3700s Series. Keep in mind that this module works differently (uses the vlan database etc.) and doesn’t support the following features: <ul> <li>Access Switch Device Manager (SDM) Template <li>ACL – Improved Merging Algorithm <li>ARP Optimization <li>BGP Increased Support of Numbered as-path Access Lists to 500 <li>BGP Restart Neighbor Session After max-prefix Limit Reached <li>BGP Route-Map Continue Support for Outbound Policy <li>Clear Counters Per Port <li>DHCP Snooping <li>DHCP Snooping Counters <li>Diagnotics Options on bootup <li>ErrDisable Reactivation Per Port <li>ErrDisable timeout <li>EtherChannel – Flexible PAgP <li>Etherchannel Guard <li>Fallback Bridging <li>Flex Link Bi-directional Fast Convergence <li>Flex Link VLAN Load-Balancing <li>Flex Links Interface Preemption <li>GOLD – Generic Online Diagnostics <li>IEEE 802.1ab, Link Layer Discovery Protocol <li>IEEE 802.1s – Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Standard Compliance <li>IEEE 802.1s VLAN Multiple Spanning Trees <li>IEEE 802.1t <li>IEEE 802.1W Spanning Tree Rapid Reconfiguration <li>IEEE 802.1x – Auth Fail Open <li>IEEE 802.1x – Auth Fail VLAN <li>IEEE 802.1x – VLAN Assignment <li>IEEE 802.1x – Wake on LAN Support <li>IEEE 802.1X Multi-Domain Authentication <li>IEEE 802.1x RADIUS Accounting <li>IEEE 802.1x with Port Security <li>IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation (LACP) <li>IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet <li>IGMP Fast Leave <li>IGMP Version 1 <li>IGRP <li>IP Phone Detection Enhancements <li>IP Phone Enhancement – PHY Loop Detection <li>IPSG (IP Source Guard) <li>Jumbo Frames <li>L2PT – Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling <li>MAC Authentication Bypass <li>MLD Snooping <li>Multicast Etherchannel Load Balancing <li>NAC – L2 IEEE 802.1x <li>NAC – L2 IP <li>NAC – L2 IP with Auth Fail Open <li>Packet-Based Storm Control <li>Per Port Per VLAN Policing <li>Port Security <li>Port Security on Private VLAN Ports <li>Private VLANs <li>QoS Policy Propagation via Border Gateway Protocol (QPPB) <li>Rapid-Per-VLAN-Spanning Tree (Rapid-PVST) <li>Reduced MAC Address Usage <li>Remote SPAN (RSPAN) <li>Smart Port <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Loop Guard <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – PortFast BPDU Filtering <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Portfast Support for Trunks <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Root Guard <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Uplink Load Balancing <li>SRR (Shaped Round Robin) <li>Standby Supervisor Port Usage <li>STP Syslog Messages <li>Switching Database Manager (SDM) <li>Trunk Failover <li>Trusted boundary (extended trust for CDP devices) <li>Unicast Mac Filtering <li>UniDirectional Link Detection (UDLD) <li>VLAN Access Control List (VACL) <li>VLAN Aware Port Security <li>Weighted Tail Drop (WTD)</li></ul> <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco PIX firewalls</h5> <p>A special version of Qemu called PEMU is embedded into GNS3 for emulating the <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/vpndevc/ps2030/ps2118/index.html" target="_blank">PIX 525 Security Appliance</a>. PIX software up to version 7.2(4) is supported. <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco ASA firewalls</h5> <p>Qemu/GNS3 emulates <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/vpndevc/ps6032/ps6094/ps6120/product_data_sheet0900aecd802930c5.html" target="_blank">ASA5520</a> (ASA 5520 Series Adaptive Security Appliance) hardware to run ASA software <a href="http://forum.gns3.net/topic2784.html" target="_blank">`up to version 8.0(2)</a>. <h5></h5> <h5>Cisco IDS sensors</h5> <p>Qemu/GNS3 emulates an <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/vpndevc/ps4077/ps5367/index.html" target="_blank">IDS 4235/4215 Sensor.</a> The software IPS is known to run with release 6.0. <h5></h5> <h5>Juniper routers</h5> <p align="left"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junos" target="_blank">JunOS</a>, the Operating System for Juniper routers is based on <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/" target="_blank">FreeBSD</a>, an UNIX Operating System that runs on PCs. At this date JunOS versions for Juniper M series are known to work in GNS3. <h5>Hosts</h5> <p>Thanks to Qemu and VirtualBox, GNS3 can run many operating systems like Linux or Windows as well as a lot of appliances. To save you time, we provide ready-to-use Qemu and VirtualBox images that integrate Linux Microcore (command line) and Linux Tinycore (small graphical interface). These images are designed to not use much memory, allowing you to run many virtual hosts. They include the following tools and features: <ul> <li>Console support <li>IPv6 support <li>iperf, tcpdump, iproute2 and iptables <li>SSH and telnet servers <li>D-ITG (Distributed Internet Traffic Generator)</li></ul> <h5>Performance</h5> <p>Dynamips/GNS3 uses a fair amount of RAM and CPU in order to accomplish its emulation magic. Instructions can be found in the <a href="http://www.gns3.net/documentation/" target="_blank">user documentation</a> to reduce this but you may also consider the following advices: <ul> <li>Use c36xx, c37xx or c7200 IOS images. They are usually more stable with Dynamips. <li>Run Dynamips/GNS3 on Linux or Mac OS X if you can, performance is better and Dynamips is far more stable. <li>Try to not use the latest IOS images, for instance versions >= 12.4, depending of the IOS features you want, running 12.3 or 12.2 versions requires a lot less memory and CPU.</li></ul> <p>Of course, the number of routers you can run at the same time also strongly depend of your amount of RAM and CPU. On average users can run 10 to 15 routers with routing protocols configured without any problem. Some have even ran more than <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTcj_BRwpHM">100 routers on the same PC</a>.</p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-47099377046090243622012-04-27T22:24:00.001+03:002012-11-11T19:21:51.073+03:00What is GNS3 ?<p>GNS3 is a graphical network simulator that allows simulation of complex networks. <p>To provide complete and accurate simulations, GNS3 is strongly linked with: <ul> <li><a href="http://www.gns3.net/dynamips/">Dynamips</a>, a Cisco IOS emulator. <li><a href="http://www.gns3.net/dynagen/">Dynagen</a>, a text-based front end for Dynamips. <li><a href="http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page">Qemu</a>, a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer. <li><a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/">VirtualBox</a>, a free and powerful virtualization software.</li></ul> <p>GNS3 is an excellent complementary tool to real labs for network engineers, administrators and people wanting to study for certifications such as Cisco CCNA, CCNP, CCIP and CCIE as well as Juniper JNCIA, JNCIS and JNCIE. <p>It can also be used to experiment features of Cisco IOS, Juniper JunOS or to check configurations that need to be deployed later on real routers.</p> <a name='more'></a> <p>Thanks to VirtualBox integration, now even system engineers and administrators can take advantage of GNS3 to make labs and study for Redhat (RHCE, RHCT), Microsoft (MSCE, MSCA), Novell (CLP) and many other vendor certifications. <p>This project is an open source, free program that may be used on multiple operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and MacOS X.</p> <p>Download GNS 3</p> <p><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-gns3.html" target="_blank">Windows</a><br><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-gns3.html" target="_blank">Mac</a></p> <p><a href="http://startccna.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-cisco-ios-124.html">Download Routers OS</a></p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-17658839415303443902012-04-27T22:14:00.001+03:002012-04-27T22:17:54.908+03:00Planning and Verification Exam Topics<p><b>Concepts and Methodologies:</b><br>There are a number of concepts and methodologies that are used in the IT and Telecommunications industry, however to name a few:<br>The following two methodologies are trademarks of the UK Office of Government Commerce, however have become globally recognised and adopted by a number of international organisations. <ul> <li>PRINCE2 (PRojects IN Controlled Environments) and, <li>ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)</li></ul>The next two are Cisco propriety, which you may encounter throughout your Cisco career.<br><b><a name="more"></a></b> <ul> <li>PPDIOO (Prepare, Plan Design, Implement, Operate, Optimise) and. <li>Cisco Lifecycle Services</li></ul> <a name='more'></a>Lastly, this methodology was originally devised by Motorola for better manufacturing practices, however this too has been adopted by a number of telecommunications and outsource organisations: <ul> <li>Six Sigma</li></ul>All these methodologies, even though they have originated from different sources and use different terminology have one thing in common, they provide structure to your project and ensure a high quality end result; for example each will ensure the following is incorporated into your plan: <ul> <li>There is a design <li>There is an implementation plan <li>There is a verification plan <li>Results are documented and, <li>That each stage is reviewed to overcome flaws in design or implementation for example.</li></ul>Your role as a Network Engineer may not encompass all aspects of project management or integration, however it is good to understand the concepts, for example you may not be required to create the design documentation, but would be expected to take part in the implementation review process. Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-62073009371623344922012-04-27T00:40:00.001+03:002012-04-27T00:40:33.501+03:00Download CCNP ROUTE Lab Manual<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr-qukRu4xdbJct2Qd8krcvjmibncZhdkfJ9Bba0k_0MUt-YKc7XZ4BvzXqjqYgkEerDjBmIISdwS7X5T6Wmgc-oLKf-ual-xO52Ux0qr6sxWRbsbFCqJd5J5FE_6kKWyqSjd2h3fzsXyI/s1600-h/ccnp_route_lab_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_route_lab_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_route_lab_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYt_ss7vBG1a4urUQrrXpEW0cohkgS7I_FYmJIwLp9Gv_RHoUqbtAEYeLOIUldGJpgW1s7HJSwyWxBQM91LAevkyZr1UtclRc6KeW4rcnUo0ICHEFCnC2fxBf4SaKj2vMyu7QxT5egn9II/?imgmax=800" width="190" height="244"></a></p> <p><b>The only authorized Lab Manual for Cisco Networking Academy's newly-updated course CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing, V.6 (Exam 642-902)</b> <li>A portable, bound copy of all 32 CCNP V 6.x ROUTE Labs: convenient, lightweight and friendly <li>Allows students to review or walk through hands-on labs without a huge textbook or live Web connection <li>Contains additional pages between labs for in-class note-taking <li>Separate answer key available at Cisco Academy Connection and the PearsonHighered.com Instructor Resource site<br></li> <a name='more'></a> <li> <p>This hands-on routing Lab Manual is the perfect companion for all Cisco Networking Academy students who are taking the new course CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing (V. 6) as part of their CCNP preparation. It offers a portable, bound copy of all 32 CCNP V 6.x ROUTE network routing labs in a convenient, lightweight format that allows students to walk through key procedures and easily take notes without a large textbook or a live Internet connection. Working with these conveniently-formatted labs, students will gain practical experience and skills for using advanced IP addressing and routing in implementing scalable and secure Cisco ISR routers connected to LANs and WANs; and for configuring secure routing solutions to support branch offices and mobile workers.<br><br><br><a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0C40_it8aU5QmEyeEwzSWlkNXM" target="_blank"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="download-button" border="0" alt="download-button" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCJPGUmscwxQpfZBQFCEBXzG_mMfDaPXzoCswaTluueyytOdPAo4N-l41XQoK5fbw7hCuHXhYYfggtogdd7VCdlQQ44j75mHjdIhsmGdGlzBLKRbFb-mBLK48IyJmc5_bAXcXb-6fJvEU/?imgmax=800" width="69" height="69"></a></p></li> Blogger Labels: <a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Download" rel="Tag">Download</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/CCNP" rel="Tag">CCNP</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/ROUTE" rel="Tag">ROUTE</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Manual" rel="Tag">Manual</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Cisco" rel="Tag">Cisco</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Academy" rel="Tag">Academy</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Exam" rel="Tag">Exam</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Labs" rel="Tag">Labs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/connection" rel="Tag">connection</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Separate" rel="Tag">Separate</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Instructor" rel="Tag">Instructor</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Resource" rel="Tag">Resource</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/companion" rel="Tag">companion</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/preparation" rel="Tag">preparation</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/procedures" rel="Tag">procedures</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/notes" rel="Tag">notes</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Internet" rel="Tag">Internet</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/LANs" rel="Tag">LANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/WANs" rel="Tag">WANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/workers" rel="Tag">workers</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/students" rel="Tag">students</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/solutions" rel="Tag">solutions</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/offices" rel="Tag">offices</a> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-52565342356309437652012-04-27T00:30:00.001+03:002012-11-16T02:41:50.813+03:00Download CCNP SWITCH Lab Manual<p><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBozbusfM4H2yRm4rTjuGdwBaEYDe8HiyyuVPJ6FkKytgqJQ9bG_w0UR-NAoSEzmluCrTkuIgQZXmrOQY8aYzZIGgKskvGtWZzodRk9q7sDzrFpa9FwcszTy7uP50fB-L8CYnmz76D2dK/s1600-h/ccnp_switch_lab_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_switch_lab_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_switch_lab_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0tyarNwJanqra2hZ_Abtr41FPUWNmwpsuqAYvtK_IH73mXXvnkqz-GbWf3ul4SGQzBORQ3JEYTMWiikq0dgjltAe14QMAwMCJuxtQ9MSwURR9gFQ7qiRB1JBIAp7-LWARBgCVgAnbLCtm/?imgmax=800" width="190" height="244"></a></b> <p><b>The only authorized Lab Manual for Cisco Networking Academy's new course CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switched Networks, V.6 (Exam 642-813)</b> <ul> <li>A portable, bound copy of all 19 CCNP V 6.x SWITCH Labs: convenient lightweight and friendly <li>Allows students to review or walk through hands-on labs without a huge textbook or live Web connection <li>Contains additional pages between labs for in-class note-taking <li>Separate answer key available at Cisco Academy Connection and the PearsonHighered.com Instructor Resource site<br></li></ul> <a name='more'></a> <p> </p> <p>This hands-on switching Lab Manual is the perfect companion for all Cisco Networking Academy students who are taking the new course CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switched Networks (V. 6) as part of their CCNP preparation. It offers a portable, bound copy of all 19 CCNP V 6.x SWITCH network switching labs in a convenient, lightweight format that allows students to walk through key procedures and easily take notes without a large textbook or a live Internet connection. Working with these conveniently-formatted labs, students will gain practical experience and skills for planning, configuring, and verifying the implementation of complex enterprise switching solutions using Cisco's Campus Enterprise Architecture; and for securely integrating VLANs, WLANs, voice, and video into campus networks.</p> <p align="left"><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-ccnp-switch-lab-manual.html" target="_blank">DOWNLOAD</a></p>Blogger Labels: <a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Download" rel="Tag">Download</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/CCNP" rel="Tag">CCNP</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/SWITCH" rel="Tag">SWITCH</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Manual" rel="Tag">Manual</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Cisco" rel="Tag">Cisco</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Academy" rel="Tag">Academy</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Exam" rel="Tag">Exam</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Labs" rel="Tag">Labs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/connection" rel="Tag">connection</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Separate" rel="Tag">Separate</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Instructor" rel="Tag">Instructor</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Resource" rel="Tag">Resource</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/companion" rel="Tag">companion</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/preparation" rel="Tag">preparation</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/procedures" rel="Tag">procedures</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/notes" rel="Tag">notes</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Internet" rel="Tag">Internet</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/implementation" rel="Tag">implementation</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/enterprise" rel="Tag">enterprise</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Campus" rel="Tag">Campus</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Architecture" rel="Tag">Architecture</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/VLANs" rel="Tag">VLANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/WLANs" rel="Tag">WLANs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/students" rel="Tag">students</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/solutions" rel="Tag">solutions</a> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-1947155773207384912012-04-26T15:07:00.001+03:002012-04-27T00:34:19.729+03:00Download CCNP TSHOOT Lab Manual<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHTsK5MWGb0lIhXXD_n_r0sLS7Ko5DzqaX5QKEdP6nwV8QR3wB7ZKIoXNbGl1jGbygBwcG5xqK204o1X2oPUAbaQMfHDKBIf1aRsytBQ6HMTex-SRxudeNI_-k1ASCzzc0ljlSnDfekxDR/s1600-h/ccnp_tshoot_lab_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_tshoot_lab_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_tshoot_lab_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGyaOxxag9E8Mz0weeG2-turaJkrLEFpU7g7HMhSJCbthRJA6qXAkgJuwP-eg_SB8xwJdkNP-8CltVcKI8hyphenhyphenykjBV-ygHhXGZpp-zpUQoNlGuSs08f8hG0KWQmk7iNHbAn_pJEXky9ZLy3/?imgmax=800" width="190" height="244"></a> <p>The only authorized Lab Manual for Cisco Networking Academy's new CCNP TSHOOT: Troubleshooting and Maintaining IP Networks, V.6 (642-832)<br># A portable, bound copy of all 12 CCNP V 6.x TSHOOT Labs: convenient lightweight and friendly<br># Allows students to review or walk through hands-on labs without a huge textbook or live Web connection<br># Contains additional pages between labs for in-class note-taking<br># Separate answer key available at Cisco Academy Connection and the PearsonHighered.com Instructor Resource site<br><br>This hands-on Lab Manual is the perfect companion for all Cisco Networking Academy students who are taking the new course CCNP TSHOOT: Troubleshooting and Maintaining IP Networks (V. 6) as part of their CCNP preparation. It offers a portable, bound copy of all 12 CCNP V 6.x TSHOOT network troubleshooting and maintenance labs in a convenient, lightweight format that allows students to walk through key procedures and easily take notes without a large textbook or a live Internet connection. Working with these conveniently-formatted labs, students will gain practical experience performing regular maintenance on complex enterprise routed and switched networks, and using technology-based practices and a systematic ITIL-compliant approach to troubleshoot networks.<br></p> <a name='more'></a> <p><br>The only authorized Lab Manual for the Cisco Networking Academy CCNP Version 6 TSHOOT course<br>A CCNP certification equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to plan, implement, secure, maintain, and troubleshoot converged enterprise networks. The CCNP certification requires candidates to pass three 120-minute exams–ROUTE #642-902, SWITCH #642-813, and TSHOOT #642-832–that validate the key competencies of network engineers.<br><br>The Cisco Networking Academy curriculum consists of three experience-oriented courses that employ industry-relevant instructional approaches to prepare students for professional-level jobs: CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing, CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching, and CCNP TSHOOT: Troubleshooting and Maintaining IP Networks.<br><br>CCNP TSHOOT: Troubleshooting and Maintaining IP Networks<br><br>This course teaches students how to monitor and maintain complex, enterprise routed and switched IP networks. Skills learned include the planning and execution of regular network maintenance, as well as support and troubleshooting using technology based processes and best practices, based on systematic and industry recognized approaches. Extensive labs emphasize hands-on learning and practice to reinforce troubleshooting techniques. CCNP ROUTE and CCNP SWITCH are both prerequisites for this course. <p><a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0C40_it8aU5SXluTDFkcjJxRTg" target="_blank"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="download-button" border="0" alt="download-button" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ViL66OsayXU78Izwnc5K9eHs5UOw0gQTjQ1a3zM9E9GmN9hxAW8hI1kD8ZTlXsK0psGeXTSrBif1s5SCbOKipdt8tX9zadyBNEiXkFlvD8NQKjnIFtsUvPpOh9O248pE9S2szj4UAM7q/?imgmax=800" width="69" height="69"></a></p>Blogger Labels: <a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/CCNP" rel="Tag">CCNP</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/TSHOOT" rel="Tag">TSHOOT</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Manual" rel="Tag">Manual</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Cisco" rel="Tag">Cisco</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Academy" rel="Tag">Academy</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Labs" rel="Tag">Labs</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/connection" rel="Tag">connection</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Separate" rel="Tag">Separate</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Instructor" rel="Tag">Instructor</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Resource" rel="Tag">Resource</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/companion" rel="Tag">companion</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/preparation" rel="Tag">preparation</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/maintenance" rel="Tag">maintenance</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/procedures" rel="Tag">procedures</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/notes" rel="Tag">notes</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Internet" rel="Tag">Internet</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/enterprise" rel="Tag">enterprise</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/technology" rel="Tag">technology</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/ITIL" rel="Tag">ITIL</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Version" rel="Tag">Version</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/certification" rel="Tag">certification</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/knowledge" rel="Tag">knowledge</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/ROUTE" rel="Tag">ROUTE</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/SWITCH" rel="Tag">SWITCH</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/curriculum" rel="Tag">curriculum</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/industry" rel="Tag">industry</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/execution" rel="Tag">execution</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/Extensive" rel="Tag">Extensive</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/prerequisites" rel="Tag">prerequisites</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/students" rel="Tag">students</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/candidates" rel="Tag">candidates</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/exams" rel="Tag">exams</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/techniques" rel="Tag">techniques</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/troubleshoot" rel="Tag">troubleshoot</a>,<a href="http://Start CCNA.blogspot.com/search/label/three" rel="Tag">three</a> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-61293812777654056262012-04-26T13:03:00.001+03:002012-04-27T00:34:44.428+03:00Download CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Official Certification Guide<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcfSJgoJfY_Q5eotHhKS1C2u7rkPD_mOJPJ0I5JEyYmObDIklajPQNAfp4YhyphenhyphenQBkztfe0ZmuxzUAj4_01BIujxcManWtoQ0kQ7z8jDD_ap0TAA-BN0F0TraeBPmGUArEgPQKbeAUa82VLE/s1600-h/ccnp_swithc_book_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_swithc_book_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_swithc_book_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEindfnQsjBq_lBEOPy5460WH-HnM0MxzZGz1Kke51T8it6KwPgR0aYDdL7OaQ5P2zJNJa3AizGQHHgHvvDPSqm3wvbIYxHNLkWSNAF8C3Rt08YteL-00NsgoT7v7mVTgnxkXK3o8i2fgUFw/?imgmax=800" width="192" height="244"></a> <p>CCNP SWITCH 642-813 <p>Official Certification Guide <p>David Hucaby, CCIE® No. 4594 <p>CCNP SWITCH Exam Preparation <ul> <li>Master the CCNP® SWITCH 642-813 exam with this official study guide <li>Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes <li>Review key concepts with Exam Preparation Tasks <li>Practice with realistic exam questions on the CD-ROM</li></ul> <p><i>CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Official Certification Guide</i> is a best-of-breed Cisco® exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNP® SWITCH exam. Network architect and best-selling author Dave Hucaby shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics. <p><i>CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Official Certification Guide</i> presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. “Do I Know This Already?” quizzes open each chapter and allow you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. The complete exam topic list makes referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help drill you on key concepts and commands you must know thoroughly. </p> <a name='more'></a> <p>The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a topic-by-topic basis, laying out a complete study plan for review. <p>Well regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time. <p><i>CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Official Certification Guide</i> is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit <a href="http://www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining" target="_blank">www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining</a>. <p>This official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNP SWITCH exam, including <ul> <li>Network design, implementation, and verification plans <li>Switch operation and port configuration <li>VLANs, trunks, and VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) <li>Aggregating switch links <li>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) <li>Multilayer switching <li>Enterprise campus network design <li>Router and supervisor redundancy <li>IP telephony <li>Wireless LANs <li>Switched network security</li></ul> <p><i>This volume is part of the Official Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.</i> <p>Category: Cisco Press—Cisco Certification <p>Covers: CCNP SWITCH exam 642-813</p> <p align="center"><a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0C40_it8aU5VWNpNVpGOVc5Wjg" target="_blank"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="download-button" border="0" alt="download-button" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiCB_mJor4-t1YYdzQpFk1IAFJtzknn3r7Z9gY_gcedl6qUxdIJuFdZjGlIVdNwNDtRKBtqKV_VUYE1lf71JwEvgwTtWhu5qYf0XVn-XwgYeFiHt3dB-OA0Hnvb-HXekXW-xBiXBTHBXmy/?imgmax=800" width="69" height="69"></a></p>Blogger Labels: <a 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href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Router" rel="Tag">Router</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/supervisor" rel="Tag">supervisor</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/redundancy" rel="Tag">redundancy</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/LANs" rel="Tag">LANs</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Career" rel="Tag">Career</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/efforts" rel="Tag">efforts</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Category" rel="Tag">Category</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/concepts" rel="Tag">concepts</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/areas" rel="Tag">areas</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/topics" rel="Tag">topics</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/techniques" rel="Tag">techniques</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/exams" rel="Tag">exams</a>,<a href="http://Start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/candidates" rel="Tag">candidates</a> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-76734095167052737822012-04-26T12:15:00.001+03:002012-11-16T02:46:28.405+03:00Download CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDX38i_zJqwSAXrDUOqHVuTFOYvzOQGVqFOkf6NEjWO7dgGu3_8CUd8JVgB44kX14versErqRZUVm8zphSlpc10TS5jIgFsS_NvxahH_8SZsxqO_0DUx_T0Fr9VkZY2HlR60HbMDjhfS8T/s1600-h/ccnp_route_book_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_route_book_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_route_book_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9qE7xh1do7u0tTFrJVCqhVNvIaMniGaefyfZ5-mr-CFGtnZyjUPWLt6F7G-ioUQA9Go2V3cY4Jja6BLkjgIA2US_U8T36edO5DQ72CdI7z1fN-5s5mqn4upVg4mnzfL-Q7gYMiTiMh_PE/?imgmax=800" width="198" height="244"></a> <p>Master the CCNP® ROUTE 642-902 exam with this official study guide <ul> <li>Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes <li>Review key concepts with Exam Preparation Tasks <li>Practice with realistic exam questions on the CD-ROM</li></ul> <p><i>CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide</i> is a best of breed Cisco® exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNP® ROUTE exam. Senior instructor and best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics. <p><i></i> <p><i>CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide</i> presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. “Do I Know This Already?” quizzes open each chapter and allow you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help drill you on key concepts you must know thoroughly. <p>The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that allows you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete study plan for review. <br></p> <a name='more'></a> <p> <p>Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time. <p><i></i> <p><i>CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide</i> is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining <p>Wendell Odom, CCIE® No. 1624, is a 28-year veteran of the networking industry. He currently works as an independent author of Cisco certification resources and occasional instructor of Cisco authorized training for Skyline ATS. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He is the author of several best-selling Cisco certification titles. He maintains lists of current titles, links to Wendell’s blogs, and other certification resources at www.TheCertZone.com. <p>This official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNP ROUTE exam, including: <ul> <li>Network design, implementation, and verification plans <li>EIGRP <li>OSPF <li>IGP Redistribution <li>Policy-based routing and IP service-level agreement (IP SLA) <li>BGP <li>IPv6 <li>IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence <li>Routing over branch Internet connections</li></ul> <p><i>This volume is part of the Official Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.</i> <p align="left"><a href="http://downloadalllinkspushmovie.blogspot.com/2012/11/download-ccnp-route-642-902-official.html" target="_blank">DOWNLOAD</a></p> <p align="left">Blogger Labels: <a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/CCNP" rel="Tag">CCNP</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/ROUTE" rel="Tag">ROUTE</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Official" rel="Tag">Official</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Certification" rel="Tag">Certification</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Guide" rel="Tag">Guide</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Master" rel="Tag">Master</a>,<a href="http://start 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rel="Tag">Redistribution</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Policy" rel="Tag">Policy</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/agreement" rel="Tag">agreement</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Internet" rel="Tag">Internet</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/Career" rel="Tag">Career</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/efforts" rel="Tag">efforts</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/concepts" rel="Tag">concepts</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/areas" rel="Tag">areas</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/skills" rel="Tag">skills</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/topics" rel="Tag">topics</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/techniques" rel="Tag">techniques</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/exams" rel="Tag">exams</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/systems" rel="Tag">systems</a>,<a href="http://start ccna.blogspot.com/search/label/candidates" rel="Tag">candidates</a></p> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-11455673647741122382012-04-26T02:13:00.001+03:002012-04-27T00:35:08.444+03:00Download CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Official Certification Guide<h5><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-3U05KJvA4VpKJZmGy4DqpHz9VsEBhuy3km3hNw2crQvVnZxLsuKnjN2bjVSHaDr6F19qRhrkc7RaIJll4tNjOY3ck9hFsZHbGpu-uOJtKJWyi_tFYC5uHijnbXYmk57FrIdz316IB-Z/s1600-h/ccnp_tshoot_book_outer%25255B2%25255D.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="ccnp_tshoot_book_outer" border="0" alt="ccnp_tshoot_book_outer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuJDqQtmrMcYy_6jZF1bAuZkx6nU1gkGoiSH5TQX0WQdA4DnmTSlaz2fPHZrDTjeB6hSueJKiheIAc5a1lHt9pUoEuFZjAMTLpUtqoRXH2C7zo8cLR0iyGs3Osz53Mo_Lzw92Bdpec4rHc/?imgmax=800" width="193" height="244"></a></h5> <h5>Product Description</h5> <p>CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 <p>Official Certification Guide <p>Kevin Wallace, CCIE® No. 7945 <p>CCNP TSHOOT Exam Preparation <ul> <li>Master CCNP® TSHOOT 642-832 exam topics <li>Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes <li>Review key concepts with Exam Preparation Tasks <li>Practice with realistic exam questions on the CD-ROM</li></ul> <p>The official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNP TSHOOT exam, including <ul> <li>Common network maintenance tasks and tools <li>Troubleshooting models <li>Cisco IOS® troubleshooting commands and features <li>Troubleshooting Cisco Catalyst® Switches and STP <li>Troubleshooting BGP, OSPF, and EIGRP routing protocols <li>Route redistribution, security, and router performance troubleshooting <li>IP services and IP communications troubleshooting <li>IPv6 troubleshooting <li>Large enterprise network troubleshooting<br></li></ul> <a name='more'></a> <ul> <li></li></ul> <p><i>CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Official Certification Guide</i> is a best-of-breed Cisco® exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNP® TSHOOT exam. Senior instructor and best-selling author Kevin Wallace shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics. <p><i>CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Official Certification Guide</i> presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. “Do I Know This Already?” quizzes open each chapter and enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help drill you on key concepts you must know thoroughly. <p>The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete study plan for review. <p>Well regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time. <p><i>CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Official Certification Guide</i> is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit <a href="http://www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining" target="_blank">www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining</a>. <p>Kevin Wallace, CCIE® No. 7945, is a certified Cisco instructor who holds multiple Cisco certifications including CCSP®, CCVP®, CCNP®, and CCDP®, in addition to multiple security and voice specializations. With Cisco experience dating back to 1989 (beginning with a Cisco AGS+ running Cisco IOS 7.x), Kevin has been a network design specialist for the Walt Disney World Resort, a senior technical instructor for SkillSoft/Thomson NETg/KnowledgeNet, and a network manager for Eastern Kentucky University. <p><i>This volume is part of the Official Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.</i> <p>Companion CD-ROM <p>The CD-ROM contains 100 practice questions for the exam developed by Cisco Press and delivered by the Boson Exam Environment (BEE). <p>Boson’s ExSim-Max premium practice exams available at www.boson.com <p>Category: Cisco Press—Cisco Certification <p>Covers: CCNP TSHOOT exam 642-832 <p align="center"><a href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0C40_it8aU5UW82eWVmRUowUzQ" target="_blank"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="download-button" border="0" alt="download-button" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioBUsEkH6zmDG_686m7tMoOPg3U-Dp3Dz4y7e1Q3oyFFEgM3pch0_ZTtbON-UvyMS21u9eXEFeeUNbiNOFXkEeIl9Hr-ICOKvqBCqTd9AatzJsaoscJ_RwxiI9yzYBAVSob141X1zBqBAt/?imgmax=800" width="69" height="72"></a></p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:0767317B-992E-4b12-91E0-4F059A8CECA8:f9881a8a-1c2d-4db1-890d-490e36c66881" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent">Technorati Tags: <a href="http://technorati.com/tags/Download+CCNP+TSHOOT+642-832" rel="tag">Download CCNP TSHOOT 642-832</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/Official+Certification+Guide" rel="tag">Official Certification Guide</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/kevin+Wallace" rel="tag">kevin Wallace</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/CCIE+No.+7945" rel="tag">CCIE No. 7945</a></div> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-84672253846418609632012-04-26T01:49:00.001+03:002012-04-26T01:54:17.455+03:00What is the MCITP Certification? How can I get MCITP Certified?<p>Are you interested in knowing what Microsoft's MCITP Certification is? You may also be interested in getting information on how to get MCITP certified? We have provided answers to these questions below and also information on some of the best training resources for preparing for the MCITP certification exams. <ul> <li>What is the MCITP Certification? <li>Candidate Experience <li>How do I become MCITP certified? <li>New Generation Certification Lifecycle Policy <li>MCITP Training on Multimedia Courseware</li></ul> <h5><a name="what_is_mcitp"></a>What is the MCITP Certification?</h5> <p>The Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) certification is one of Microsoft's new generation of credentials that provide IT professionals with a simpler and more targeted framework to display their technical and professional skills.<br></p> <a name='more'></a> <p><br>The MCITP: Server Administrator certification for Windows Server 2008 demonstrates that an individual is capable of managing day-to-day server operations as well as providing Windows Server 2008 administration. This certification qualifies individuals for jobs such as Network Administrator, Monitoring Operator, Server Systems Administrator, and Windows Server Administrator. <p>The Microsoft Certified System Administrator (MCSA) and Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) credentials continue to provide IT professionals who use Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 with industry recognition and validation of their IT skills and experience. <h5><a name="candidate_experience"></a>Candidate Experience:</h5> <ul> <li>Handling day-to-day management of the server operating system, file structure, and directory services. <li>Handling software distribution and updates. <li>Monitoring servers <li>Providing tier-2 troubleshooting support. <li>Supporting engineering and change-management projects. <li>Creating builds and configuring the server. <li>Implementing the auditing policy. <li>Performing scheduled vulnerability-assessment scans. <li>Monitoring logs for firewalls and intrusion-detection systems.</li></ul> <h5><a name="how_to_get_mcitp"></a>How do I become MCITP certified?</h5> <p>Candidates pursuing the MCITP Certification for Windows Server 2008 can choose between 2 certification tracks; the MCIPT: Server Administrator and the MCITP: Enterprise Administrator, with the Enterprise Administrator certification being the more advanced between the two. See below for a breakdown of the requirements for each certification track. <p>1. MCITP: Server Administrator Certification: <p>To earn the MCITP: Server Administrator certification, you must pass three exams: two Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) exams and one Professional Series exam. <p>Required Exams <ul> <li>Exam 70-640 / 83-640 (earns MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration) <li>Exam 70-642 (earns MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration)</li></ul> <p>Professional Series Exam <ul> <li>Exam 70-646: Pro: Windows Server 2008, Server Administrator</li></ul> <p>2. MCITP: Enterprise Administrator Certification: <p>To earn the MCITP: Enterprise Administrator certification, you must pass five exams: four Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) exams and one Professional Series exam. <p>Required Exams <ul> <li>Exam 70-620 (earns MCTS: Configuring Microsoft Windows Vista) <li>Exam 70-640 / 83-640 (earns MCTS: Configuring Windows Server 2008 Active Directory) <li>Exam 70-642 (earns MCTS: Configuring Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure) <li>Exam 70-643 (earns MCTS: Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure)</li></ul> <p>Professional Series Exam <ul> <li>Exam 70-647: Pro: Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Administrator</li></ul> <h5><a name="new_cert_lifecycle_policy"></a>New Generation Certification Lifecycle Policy</h5> <p>MCTS Certifications <ul> <li>Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) certifications are retired when Microsoft discontinues mainstream support for the related technology</li></ul> <p>MCITP and MCPD Certifications <ul> <li>Professional-series certifications (MCITP and MCPD) require an update every three years from the date that you earned the certification, or your certification will lapse.</li></ul> <h5><a name="mcitp_training"></a>MCITP Training on Multimedia Courseware</h5> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/certification/mcitp.aspx" target="_blank">MCITP Certification Training</a><br>This MCITP Certification Suite provides complete training for the Microsoft MCITP exams required to earn both the Server Administrator and the Enterprise Administrator certifications. <li><a href="http://startccna.blogspot.com/p/test.html">Free Online Demos</a> for the MCITP Certification Training. <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:0767317B-992E-4b12-91E0-4F059A8CECA8:1b120784-f8f2-490c-a56a-88a171fa5c01" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent">Technorati Tags: <a href="http://technorati.com/tags/Microsoft" rel="tag">Microsoft</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/certification" rel="tag">certification</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/MCITP" rel="tag">MCITP</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/MCSE" rel="tag">MCSE</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/70-640" rel="tag">70-640</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/70-642" rel="tag">70-642</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/70-646" rel="tag">70-646</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/70-620" rel="tag">70-620</a>,<a href="http://technorati.com/tags/Exams+for+mctip+2008" rel="tag">Exams for mctip 2008</a></div></li></ul> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-12497353645617898302012-04-25T23:59:00.001+03:002012-04-25T23:59:34.624+03:00What is CCNA?<p><strong>Definition:</strong> CCNA is a popular certification in computer networking developed by Cisco Systems. Cisco created the CCNA to recognize basic competency in installation and support of medium-sized networks.<br>The core CCNA certification can be obtained by passing a single 90-minute written exam. The exam has no prerequisites, although Cisco and other companies offer various formal training courses to help students prepare.</p> <blockquote> <p> Topics covered on the CCNA exam include<br><br>•LAN and WAN design (including the OSI model)<br><br>•IP addressing<br><br>•routers and routing protocols (including OSPF, EIGRP and RIP)<br><br>•VLAN (virtual LAN) and WLAN (wireless LAN)<br><br>•network security and management (including ACLs)<br></p></blockquote> <a name='more'></a> <blockquote> <p><br>Separate from the core certification, Cisco also provides separate exams and certs called CCNA Security, CCNA Voice and CCNA Wireless designed to recognize specialty in those respective areas of basic computer networking.<br><br>The CCNA remains valid for three years when re-certification is required. Cisco also offers more advanced certifications for networking professionals beyond CCNA, including the CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) and CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert).</p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmv0WSWGxWwGE-SM9kEEHfrD-8yNVFVOrQv0qeLnR19tsjM5YJHYWaZFMQvsC1zWEOCvvAueqsviwb-JEZVN1qOKCEaRHnTfWF7SkraHHAsfaoju1yivYvG6GuD0LWqYyhW5VVKToSa7NL/s1600-h/CCNA-LAB%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="CCNA-LAB" border="0" alt="CCNA-LAB" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5rPvVE4f_1oOgUlXqssMEneZb3uousPr3Sl3bYMMieIqrd5OVE0sz5EanVONwe82LeoXnel-vvsvUY5uVtKOw3wtAKEK5xtOhTba6PQmPG5jX-9g_LdiZ12DnPI1cVC2ElyPOMViCrsMi/?imgmax=800" width="244" height="189"></a></p></blockquote> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4747331587804710850.post-48190360177944370192012-04-25T23:54:00.001+03:002012-04-26T00:00:16.343+03:00What is CCNP?<p>CCNP Certification is awarded by Cisco Systems® and signifies the competency achieved in installing, configuring, and operating LAN, WAN, and dial access services in medium to large networks (500+ nodes or more), including use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP, OSPF, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists. CCNA is a pre-requisite for CCNP certification. The CCNP certification is awarded after successful completion of the following 3 exams: <p><i>1. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks 640-901</i> <p><i>2. Building Cisco<sup>®</sup> Multilayer Switched Networks, Exam 640-604</i> <p><i>4. Cisco<sup>®</sup> Internetwork Troubleshooting, Exam 640-606</i> <p>Alternatively, you can pass only two exams. Please see <a href="https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/ccnp">CCNP preparation</a> page for details. <br></p> <a name='more'></a> <p><br>The certification exams are computer based, and conducted by Sylvan Prometric and VUE testing centers. The certification, being widely recognized, offers improved job prospects in the field of LAN, and WAN infrastructure installation and maintenance using Cisco, and compatible equipment. The pre-requisite for obtaining CCNP certification is passing CCNA exam, in addition to passing all 4 exams (2 exams if you are pursuing the alternate track (using Foundations exam) . The fee for each of these exams is about US$125 (Except Foundations exam). The tests contains identification and situational questions. Recently, Cisco has introduced Flash based simulation questions in CCNP stream also. <p>Lab scenarios <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4yzONoKVuOI2tBMM0kpkjhA_rQWrz0PXu5OTUhOtc3aQvKObPITGKhuljyDTkt59OMZqnXrBZCB93Ig4niCpbwdFN2uxJqMM6AGJuPdbZAaIg2mC4kMAYSY-AnxD_pftEzdYCbnD-CE9Z/s1600-h/CCNP-CCIE-INTERMEDIATE%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="CCNP-CCIE-INTERMEDIATE" border="0" alt="CCNP-CCIE-INTERMEDIATE" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApU5sQl5z6mwoom4vZQ5I2dEH6Lz7Eju1hiQGh3vcLeeIWrDoeCw8pGVnza3OtF5JeydqDpDozI7QtiqpkiTbdtFPO5_qjf9VEiljH0z41r4YSvKB5GIcG1uebtokdUUdnbzZXXfeXv21/?imgmax=800" width="244" height="190"></a> Bilal Bahttihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05649158120550028996noreply@blogger.com0